standard newborn screening

Question 1

what is Phenylketonuria?

Answer 1

accumulation of amino acids in body→neurotoxic

Question 2

what is Methylmalonic acidemia?

Answer 2

body cant breakdown lipids and proteins

Question 3

what is maple syrup urine disease?

Answer 3

cannot breakdown proteins (makes urine smell sugary/maple syrup)

Question 4

what is Tyrosinemia?

Answer 4

cannot breakdown tyrosine

Question 5

what is Citrullinema?

Answer 5

accumulation of ammonia in the blood

Question 6

what hormone conditions to look for in newborn?

Answer 6

Congenital hypothyroidism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 7

what hemoglobin conditions to look for in newborn?

Answer 7

Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobin sc disease
Beta thalassemia

Question 8

what is the new Ballard score?

Answer 8

assesses 6 external physical and 6 neuromuscular signs

Each sign has a number score, and the cumulative score correlates with a maturity rating (gestational age)

performed within first 48 hrs of life

Question 9

what should the avg BP generally be for a newborn?

Answer 9

60-80 mmHg systolic and 40-50 mm Hg diastolic

Question 10

what is the typical length of a newborn after birth?

Answer 10

should be 45-55cm

Question 11

what should the Head circumference of a newborn be?

Answer 11

33-35 cm

Question 12

what is vernix caseosa?

Answer 12

naturally occurring biofilm over fetal skin, usually white, cheesy and odorless

Question 13

are the legs or arms longer in a newborn?

Answer 13

arms

Question 14

is the flat-footed effect normal in a newborn?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what is the Test magnet reflex?

Answer 15

Lower limbs should extend as pressure applied to feet with legs in semiflexed position

Question 16

how to test for the sphincter response (wink reflex)?

Answer 16

Inspect and palpate anus

Question 17

what is the Extrusion reflex?

Answer 17

touch or depress tip of tongue, newborns tongue should force outward

Question 18

what is the Glabellar reflex?

Answer 18

tap over forehead, bridge of nose, or maxilla of newborn whose eyes are open. Newborn should blink for first four or five taps

Question 19

what is Tonic neck or fencing reflex?

Answer 19

with newborn in a supine neutral position, turn head quickly to one side. With newborn facing left side, arm and leg on that side extend; the opposite arm and leg flex

Question 20

what is the Crossed extension reflex?

Answer 20

opposite leg flexes, adducts and then extends

Question 21

what is a general concern when assessing a baby?

Answer 21

If babies aren’t irritated when you’re assessing them

Question 22

what score is normal for the APGAR?

Answer 22

7+
- 10 is rare since most babies have blue hands an feet