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Horse Production > Stallions > Flashcards

Stallions Flashcards

1
Q

Why is a stallion typically selected

A

Based on records in their discipline and genetics
Not really fertility

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2
Q

Why do stallions influence the breed as a whole

A

They sire multiple foals per year

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3
Q

What is S&N

A

Standing and nursing which means as long as the foal stands and nurses the stallions breeders are no longer liable

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4
Q

What are drawbacks to farm owned stallions

A

Stallions purchase and promotions are costly
Special facilities and expert handling is required
Outside mares require additional facilities and labor

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5
Q

What is always necessary in a leasing situation

A

Contract between lessor and lessee

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6
Q

What is a situation in which it is more economically beneficial to have an outside stallion rather than owning one

A

When breeding only a few mares

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7
Q

Why do mares need to be approved for breeding

A

To ensure she is worth breeding to the stallion

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8
Q

What parts of the contract do mare owners need to understand

A

Live foal guarantee
Special color guarantee
Other guarantees

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9
Q

What is LFSN

A

Love foal stand nurse which means as long as the foal does this the contract is over

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10
Q

What is stallion syndication

A

A designated number of shares are sold and usually the shareholder is guaranteed a certain number of breedings to the stallion
Usually happens when the stallion is worth a lot and occurs before breeding season
Considered sophisticated contracts due to financial and tax consequences

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11
Q

True or false: any horse is able to be syndicated

A

True

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12
Q

What is an important aspect of stallion management

A

Providing social contact between stallions
Understanding reproductive physiology like examinations, semen evaluation, and medical history

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13
Q

What is the year end pregnancy rate

A

Number of mares pregnant at the end of the breeding season divided by total number of mares
Most breeders try for 85-90 percent to be pregnant at the end of the season

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14
Q

What are the three parameters that indicate stallion fertility

A

Cycles per pregnancy
First cycle pregnancy rate
Pregnancy rates per cycle

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15
Q

How much do stallion numbers drop in the winter

A

50-60 percent

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16
Q

What is a cycle per pregnancy

A

Number of cycles a mare is bred before she becomes pregnant
A value under two cycles is acceptable

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17
Q

What is first cycle pregnancy

A

Percentage of mares bred that become pregnant on the first cycle of the season
Acceptable rate is 65-70 percent

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18
Q

What is the pregnancy rate per cycle

A

Pregnancy rate for all cycles combined
Determined by dividing number of pregnancies by total number of cycles the mares are bred
Acceptable value is between 60-65 percent and

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19
Q

What might cause low pregnancy rates

A

Overuse
Too many subfertile mares
Poor management
Stallion infertility j

20
Q

What is a BSE

A

Breeding soundness exam where you collect reproductive and health history
Perform physical exam using palpation and ultrasound
Collect 2 ejaculated one hour apart to evaluate semen

21
Q

What are trends we want to see in semen collection

A

High motility and strong structure
High concentration and total sperm count
Increased longevity if sperm
Volume will be dependent on season and sexual preparation but that is not a main component in ejaculation

22
Q

What is the relationship between volume and concentration

A

As volume increases concentration decrease and visa versa
Not really concerned with volume though

23
Q

Why is it important to check the testicles in a BSE

A

If healthy they will produce more sperm
If damaged they will affect sperm count

24
Q

What should you do if shipping semen

A

Add extenders and evaluate motility over 48-72 hours

25
Q

What must be done to stallion before breeding and before a stallion can become a breeder what must happen

A

He must be calibrated which is measured in cm and he must learn how to be a breeder

26
Q

What can cause infertility

A

Testicular degeneration which is usually age related
Human management factors

27
Q

Why is it important to wait 60 days after vaccination to breed a stallion

A

Takes about 60 days for sperm to be fully matured and produced
Horses can have reaction to vaccines and get fever which affects sperm development

28
Q

Why is obesity a problem with fertility

A

Fat tissue insulates the testicles and can be found in scrotum

29
Q

In young stallions what is needed to be done to ensure he becomes a proper breeding stallion

A

Proper handling required for normal sexual behavior and to learn how to mount and ejaculate at correct time

30
Q

Why should you not breed a stallion before the age of three

A

Horses don’t fully mature until five
They must gave a track record or prove themselves worthy, not necessarily about fertility

31
Q

What is puberty based on

A

Sperm count and motility

32
Q

What happens to older stallions

A

Can lose sperm producing ability
Can have age related problems like arthritis
Breeding schedule will decrease

33
Q

What are disadvantages of pasture breeding

A

Not knowing exactly when mare conceived
Difficult to predict foal date
Risk of injury but not to reproductive system

34
Q

What are advantages of pasture breeding

A

Less labor expensive
Most natural form of breeding

35
Q

True or false: ALL horses should be without shoes in a pasture breeding

A

True

36
Q

How should you introduce horses for pasture breeding

A

Introduce mares together and then introduce stallion
If a new mare needs to be introduced, remove the stallion first then add the new mare

37
Q

How long should a stallion stay in the pasture for and how many mares can be with a single stallion

A

For 2 heat cycles
Between 20-25 but can be as high as 40

38
Q

How long should a stallion stay in the pasture for and how many mares can be with a single stallion

A

For 2 heat cycles
Between 20-25 but can be as high as 40

39
Q

How many people are needed for hand breeding

A

At least 2
Very controlled

40
Q

What are mares exposed to before they breed

A

A teaser stallion, usually any breed, before she goes into breeding shed

41
Q

What are disadvantages of hand breeding

A

Limited to distance and possible injury to horses and handlers
Risk spreading disease
Mare might not be most fertile

42
Q

What are advantages of hand breeding

A

Less expensive than AI

43
Q

How does AI work

A

Semen collected and cooled or frozen of mare ovulated 12 hours before or 6 hours after insemination

44
Q

What is accepted breeding dosage for AI and what is shelf life of chilled semen

A

500 million progressive motile sperm
Three days or less

45
Q

What are disadvantages of AI

A

Need reproductive specialists
Expensive

46
Q

What are advantages of AI

A

Safe for horses
Stallions can cover more mares and maintain show schedule

Horse Production (8 decks)

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