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Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 > Stalin > Flashcards

Stalin Flashcards

1
Q

Main type of farming

A

Collectivisation

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2
Q

Two groups that sorted out the 5 year plans

A

Vershenka, Gosplan

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3
Q

Types of collective farm

A

Sovkhozy, Kolkhozy

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4
Q

When was the Berlin blockade?

A

1949

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5
Q

When were the show trials?

A

1938

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6
Q

The main policy making group

A

Sovnarkom

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7
Q

What contained representatives within all countries within the USSR?

A

Supreme Soviet

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8
Q

What body was in charge of party affairs?

A

Orgburo

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9
Q

When was the USSR created?

A

1924 - from stalin’s constitution

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10
Q

When did the great terror begin?

A

1936

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11
Q

Who was the head of the Leningrad Bolsheviks?

A

Sergei Kirov

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12
Q

What was the worker’s council called?

A

The soviet

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13
Q

The foundation of society

A

The super structure

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14
Q

What were working conditions like under Stalin?

A

Working hours increased, 7 day working week, being late resulted in a dismissal, eviction and loss of benefits, strikes were made illegal, eased by 1931

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15
Q

What happened to Yugoslavia in June 1948?

A

It was expelled from the Comintern, other communist countries were encouraged to make plans to fight Yugoslavia

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16
Q

What were the avg working hours in 1932, 1939 and 1940?

A

10-12 hrs, 7 hrs and 8 hrs

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17
Q

What was flawed, structurally speaking, in Stalin’s 5 year plans?

A

Ministers set targets rather than people who knew what they were doing, not enough admin for the system to work

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18
Q

Why did the targets actually cap the 5 year plans?

A

Targets measured by weight, so quality usually deteriorated, if targets were exceeded, the targets the next year would be excessively high, so people capped their industrial potential

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19
Q

What attitude did Stalin want works to embrace?

A

A stakhanovite working attitude

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20
Q

How many peasants had died from starvation in the 30’s?

A

10 to 15 million

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21
Q

What were grain production levels like in 1939?

A

Had barely reached levels that were achieved in 1913

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22
Q

By the 1930’s, how many workers had been promoted to management positions?

A

Approximately 1.5 million

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23
Q

How was the school compulsory age changed in 1930?

A

It went up to 12

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24
Q

How had numbers of kids going to primary school changed from 1929 to 1930?

A

From 8 million to 18 million

25
Q

What did the curriculum mainly revolve around?

A

Mainly literacy and numerical skills, extra subjects related to concept of revolution

26
Q

How did the secondary school population change from 1931 to 1932?

A

From 2.5 million to 6.9 million

27
Q

What did Stalin scrap in 1939?

A

School fees

28
Q

What did the 1936 constitution outlaw?

A

Religious propaganda

29
Q

What else happened with religion in and after 1936?

A

Muslims no longer treated leniently, pilgrimages forbidden, harsh on Buddhists

30
Q

What did Stalin do in 1950, shortly after Mao came into power?

A

Signed a treaty of friendship

31
Q

What happened to Trotsky after Lenin’s death?

A

Discredited by Troika (Soviet leadership), replaced as commissar for war in January 1925, removed from politburo, expelled from party and exiled to Kazakhstan in 1927, expelled from the USSR in January 1929

32
Q

What happened to Kamenev and Zinoviev after Lenin’s death?

A

They were removed as secretaries of local parties, formed united opposition group with Trotsky(1926)- opposing NEP and demanded more free speech, all branded as factionalist, Zinoviev removed from Politburo and expelled from party, Kam removed from Central committee

33
Q

What happened to the politburo after Lenin’s death?

A

Went from 6 members to 8 - adding more stalinists

34
Q

What did Lenin’s widow do after his death?

A

Showed Central committee Lenin’s condemning of Stalin before 13th party Congress, Kamenev and Zinoviev oppose publication, Trotsky doesn’t get involved

35
Q

What alliance was established in December 1922?

A

An alliance between Kamenev, Zinoviev and Stalin against Trotsky

36
Q

What November 1924 speech was shut down?

A

Trotsky’s speech saying there should be democracy instead of the over-bureaucratisation of party - defeated by Stalin’s delegates and Zinoviev, Kamenev blocks it

37
Q

What did Trotsky publish in January 1925?

A

‘Lessons of October’ showed how Zin and Kam opposed Lenin, Stalin not mentioned

38
Q

What happened at the 14th party congress? (July 1926)

A

Stalin supports Bhukarin, Zin and Kam lose vote of no confidence in Stalin, Zin forced to step down as Leningrad leader - replaced by Sergei Kirov, new Central Committee and politburo elected - mainly Stalin and Bhukarin majority

39
Q

Why did Stalin no longer trust Bhukarin?

A

He contacted Trotsky about possible alliance, (sept 1928) he was removed as editor of Pravda in April 1929

40
Q

What happened to the Politburo in November 1929?

A

Bhukarin and Rykov removed

41
Q

How many grain of corns could you steal and be shot for?

A

5 grains

42
Q

How many people were killed from 1929-33?

A

5 million

43
Q

What happened as a result of Sergei Kirov’s death?

A

Stalin made 1st December laws - could execute anyone under suspicion of terror

44
Q

Within a year of Kirov’s death, how many people had been shot/imprisoned in Leningrad?

A

200K

45
Q

What other terror occurred as a result of Kirov’s death?

A

Most of 2,000 delegates @ 17th party congress were shot and from 1936-7, arrests for terror increased ten fold

46
Q

What were the mobile courts called?

A

Troika

47
Q

How many executions did Stalin sign off, and who was blamed for the purges, and subsequently shot?

A

40K, the head of the secret police

48
Q

How many Russians died in WW2?

A

26 million

49
Q

What policy did Stalin enforce in 1941?

A

Retreat prohibited, soldiers not allowed to be captured by nazis

50
Q

What happened in terms of production under Stalin’s 5 year plans?

A

Peaks and troughs

51
Q

What did Alexei Stakhanov receive for his highly efficient work?

A

A bonus equivalent to a months wages

52
Q

What was the goal for collectivisation in the 1st 5yr plan and what was achieved?

A

15% of peasant land, only collectivised 5% by mid 1929, stalin said he wanted it to be 25% by 1930

53
Q

How many cows were slaughtered in 1929 and then how many in 1933?

A

23% then 30%

54
Q

Who was the 1936 Constitution drawn up by and what did it do in regard to elections?

A

Drawn up by Bhukarin, every 4 years

55
Q

How many were executed in the great Terror?

A

In 1936 18 people were executed, Yezhnov made new head of NKVD, Jan 1937 - 17 communists put on show trial 13 executed, Bhukarin refused to confess so expelled from party and arrested, March 1938 - 21 Bolsheviks on trial - 16 executed

56
Q

How many people were arrested in Stalins purges?

A

1 in 8 people, 8 million in Gulags

57
Q

What was collectivisation like before Stalin, in 1937 and 1941?

A

3%, 93%, 98%

58
Q

What was the secret police called from 1943?

A

MVD

Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 (7 decks)

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