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Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 > Nicholas II > Flashcards

Nicholas II Flashcards

1
Q

Who planned most agricultural changes?

A

Pyotor Stolypin

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2
Q

What was the major industrial leap forward called, and who was the minister behind it?

A

The Great Spurt, Sergei Witte

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3
Q

What allowed peasants to buy a stake in society, and when was it set up?

A

Peasant land bank - 1906

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4
Q

When did the 2nd Duma meet?

A

1907

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5
Q

What was the massacre of the miners called, and when was it?

A

Lena Goldfields massacre - 4th April 1912

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6
Q

Who was the original leader of the SRs?

A

Georgi Plekhanov

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7
Q

Menshevik newspaper

A

Iskra

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8
Q

Which party was Alexander Kerensky a part of, when he was elected to the 4th Duma?

A

The Trudoviks - associated with SRs

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9
Q

What did Kerensky present to the Tsar in the Duma in 1915?

A

A list of policies, enabling Russia to win WW1

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10
Q

What had Stolypin allowed kulaks to do?

A

Opt out of the mir, and become independent farmers

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11
Q

How much had wages risen between 1914 and 1916?

A

70%

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12
Q

How did inflation change from jan to june 1914 to jan to june 1915?

A

15% increase

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13
Q

How had inflation changed from jan to june 1916 in comparison to other years?

A

41% and 22.6% increase

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14
Q

How had inflation changed from July to December 1916 in comparison to other times?

A

182%, 246% and 298%

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15
Q

When was the first issue of pravda and when was it shut down?

A

May 1914, shut down in July 1914

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16
Q

How many members did the Bolshevik party have in 1916?

A

8,000

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17
Q

What did the 1905 revolution cause?

A

Distorted output and restricted food availability

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18
Q

How had factories increased from 1900-13?

A

From 2m to 6m

19
Q

How had the urban population changed from 1867 to 1917?

A

7 million to 28 million

20
Q

How had the St Petersburg population changed from 1914 in comparison to 1864?

A

3/4 pop were peasant by birth, in comparison to 1/3. 1/2 of city population arrived in the last 20 years

21
Q

What was work like for women?

A

From 1865 to 1914, women went from 1/5 workforce to 1/3, earned less than 1/2 of industrial wage

22
Q

What were living conditions like in St Petersburg in the Early 1900s?

A

Workers lived in barrack like buildings, in 1900, 40% houses had no running water or sewage system, in 1908-9, 30k kids died from cholera

23
Q

By 1905, how had the average holding decreased from 1877?

A

It went from 35 acres to 28

24
Q

What was the life expectancy at the end of the 1800’s? How did this compare to England?

A

27 for men, 29 for women (in comparison to 45 in England)

25
Q

How had working hours changed from 1896 to 1914?

A

Went from 11hrs a day (by law) to 9/10 hrs a day

26
Q

How had the number of primary schools grown from 1896 to 1914?

A

From 79K to 81K

27
Q

What had Nicholas announced in regards to education?

A

A plan for universal primary education by 1922

28
Q

How many universities were there, and how many students were at university by the end of the 19th century?

A

9, 16.5K students

29
Q

Who was the head of the Kadets?

A

Pavel Milyukov

30
Q

Who was the leader of the Octoberists?

A

Aleksandr Guchkov

31
Q

What did the hangman’s noose become known as?

A

Stolypin’s neck tie - 5k people executed after 1905 revolution, 45k deported

32
Q

What was the paper penny called?

A

Kopek

33
Q

Where was russia industrially in comparison to the rest of the world?

A

4th largest producer of gold, iron and steel

34
Q

How had Russia’s oil production increased under Sergei Witte?

A

It had trebled

35
Q

What did Witte do in regards to finance?

A

Reformed rouble - gold standard, centralised the economy

36
Q

How had train track mileage changed from 1891 to 1901 to 1903 to 1913?

A

17,264 to 31,125 to 36,400 to 43,900

37
Q

How had train traffic changed from 1903 to 1913?

A

76m to 158m

38
Q

What was industrial output and GDP like in 1909?

A

Increased 7% per year and 3.5% per year

39
Q

What was Russia’s GNP per capita like, in comparison to Britain’s?

A

20% of it

40
Q

What was the deficit like under Nicholas?

A

Generally in a deficit, came into surplus in 1910

41
Q

How did WW1 impact the Russian economy?

A

Railway system failed, price of food and fuel quadrupled in first 2 years, mass famine

42
Q

How much time did Stolypin say he needed for results ot agricultural reform?

A

20 years

43
Q

What did Stolypin do, and how did it impact Siberia’s population?

A

Ended re distribution of land, so peasants allowed to move away from commune- 3.5 million moved to Siberia

Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 (7 decks)

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