Nicholas II Flashcards
Who planned most agricultural changes?
Pyotor Stolypin
What was the major industrial leap forward called, and who was the minister behind it?
The Great Spurt, Sergei Witte
What allowed peasants to buy a stake in society, and when was it set up?
Peasant land bank - 1906
When did the 2nd Duma meet?
1907
What was the massacre of the miners called, and when was it?
Lena Goldfields massacre - 4th April 1912
Who was the original leader of the SRs?
Georgi Plekhanov
Menshevik newspaper
Iskra
Which party was Alexander Kerensky a part of, when he was elected to the 4th Duma?
The Trudoviks - associated with SRs
What did Kerensky present to the Tsar in the Duma in 1915?
A list of policies, enabling Russia to win WW1
What had Stolypin allowed kulaks to do?
Opt out of the mir, and become independent farmers
How much had wages risen between 1914 and 1916?
70%
How did inflation change from jan to june 1914 to jan to june 1915?
15% increase
How had inflation changed from jan to june 1916 in comparison to other years?
41% and 22.6% increase
How had inflation changed from July to December 1916 in comparison to other times?
182%, 246% and 298%
When was the first issue of pravda and when was it shut down?
May 1914, shut down in July 1914
How many members did the Bolshevik party have in 1916?
8,000
What did the 1905 revolution cause?
Distorted output and restricted food availability
How had factories increased from 1900-13?
From 2m to 6m
How had the urban population changed from 1867 to 1917?
7 million to 28 million
How had the St Petersburg population changed from 1914 in comparison to 1864?
3/4 pop were peasant by birth, in comparison to 1/3. 1/2 of city population arrived in the last 20 years
What was work like for women?
From 1865 to 1914, women went from 1/5 workforce to 1/3, earned less than 1/2 of industrial wage
What were living conditions like in St Petersburg in the Early 1900s?
Workers lived in barrack like buildings, in 1900, 40% houses had no running water or sewage system, in 1908-9, 30k kids died from cholera
By 1905, how had the average holding decreased from 1877?
It went from 35 acres to 28
What was the life expectancy at the end of the 1800’s? How did this compare to England?
27 for men, 29 for women (in comparison to 45 in England)
How had working hours changed from 1896 to 1914?
Went from 11hrs a day (by law) to 9/10 hrs a day
How had the number of primary schools grown from 1896 to 1914?
From 79K to 81K
What had Nicholas announced in regards to education?
A plan for universal primary education by 1922
How many universities were there, and how many students were at university by the end of the 19th century?
9, 16.5K students
Who was the head of the Kadets?
Pavel Milyukov
Who was the leader of the Octoberists?
Aleksandr Guchkov
What did the hangman’s noose become known as?
Stolypin’s neck tie - 5k people executed after 1905 revolution, 45k deported
What was the paper penny called?
Kopek
Where was russia industrially in comparison to the rest of the world?
4th largest producer of gold, iron and steel
How had Russia’s oil production increased under Sergei Witte?
It had trebled
What did Witte do in regards to finance?
Reformed rouble - gold standard, centralised the economy
How had train track mileage changed from 1891 to 1901 to 1903 to 1913?
17,264 to 31,125 to 36,400 to 43,900
How had train traffic changed from 1903 to 1913?
76m to 158m
What was industrial output and GDP like in 1909?
Increased 7% per year and 3.5% per year
What was Russia’s GNP per capita like, in comparison to Britain’s?
20% of it
What was the deficit like under Nicholas?
Generally in a deficit, came into surplus in 1910
How did WW1 impact the Russian economy?
Railway system failed, price of food and fuel quadrupled in first 2 years, mass famine
How much time did Stolypin say he needed for results ot agricultural reform?
20 years
What did Stolypin do, and how did it impact Siberia’s population?
Ended re distribution of land, so peasants allowed to move away from commune- 3.5 million moved to Siberia
