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russia and its rulers 1855-1964 > Lenin > Flashcards

Lenin Flashcards

1
Q

One of the groups who later planned 5 year plans under Stalin, when established?

A

Vershenka - Dec 1917

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2
Q

Bolshevik change on gaining power

A

Decree on land

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3
Q

Where did british troops land in the civil war?

A

Arch angel and Murmansk

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4
Q

What was the bolshevik newspaper called?

A

Pravda

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5
Q

Management level within the communist party

A

Nomenklatura

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6
Q

What was the elite level within the communist party?

A

Politburo

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7
Q

How many people did the 1921-3 famine effect and kill?

A

16 million and 5 million

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8
Q

How much did the U.S. give in foreign aid?

A

$20 million

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9
Q

How much did Ukrainian food production fall by?

A

20%

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10
Q

What problems did the civil war cause?

A

Problems transporting food

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11
Q

What happened to the nobility on Nov 1917?

A

Titles abandoned, not allowed to work, only allowed to do menial tasks, houses requisitioned & turned into kommunalka

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12
Q

What did Lenin do during the Civil war?

A

Rations changed depending on work value, internal passports issued to stop workers leaving employment

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13
Q

What happened to education when Bolsheviks took over?

A

First commissar for education (Anatoly Lunacharsky) had complete control, took control of church schools in 1918

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14
Q

What happened to gymnasia schools?

A

They were replaced with polytechnics - schools focused on work based skills

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15
Q

What happened in 1921 to churches?

A

Seizure of church lands, monasteries and churches looted

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16
Q

What newspaper was released in 1923?

A

‘The Godless’ - Test bible stories using science

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17
Q

What happens with press?

A

Removes freedom of press

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18
Q

In may 1918, how did Lenin solve the problem of peasants hording food?

A

He sent detachment of soldiers and town workers ensure that grain got supplied

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19
Q

What was often forcibly taken from peasants?

A

Livestock carts & firewood

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20
Q

What happened to Kulaks and how did they react?

A

Had entire stock seized, so they hid their crops, grew less and murdered members of requisition squads, so the Cheka was used to make it work

21
Q

What was nationalised?

A

Sugar, railways, banks, merchant fleet, power companies, oil and putilov iron works

22
Q

What happened to living conditions?

A

Working hours were increased and ration cards were introduced

23
Q

How many did Tyhus kill in 1920?

A

3 million

24
Q

How did the 1921 harvest compare to the 1913 one?

A

It produced 48% of what the 1913 harvest did

25
Q

How had population changed from 1917 to 1920 in Petrograd and Moscow?

A

57.5% lower and 44.5% lower

26
Q

How had the Russian population changed from 1913 to 1921?

A

170.9m to 130.9m (1.8m - 2.25m in WW1 and 7-12 million in civil war, for civil war inc civilians and non combatants)

27
Q

How was the Tambor province dealt with?

A

100k red army soldiers had to deal with peasants - poisoned gas was used and rations were reduced

28
Q

What happened in the Baltic in March 1921?

A

Kronstadt rebellion - 30k sailors revolted, demanded end to one party communist rule, 15k prisoners taken and leaders shot

29
Q

What did Sovnarkom do in Feb 1921 to tackle economic issues?

A

Set up Gosplan

30
Q

When was NEP formally adopted?

A

August 1921

31
Q

What happened under NEP?

A

Private ownership of smaller businesses, private trade now allowed, rationing ended, companies had to pay workers from their profits, food requisitioning finished - sell any surplus

32
Q

What happened in 1923?

A

Scissors crisis - low ind productivity, high prices and vice versa for agriculture - so industrial prices capped and replaced peasants quota with money tax

33
Q

When were productivity levels of 1913 reached?

A

1926

34
Q

What did the civil servants do, and in turn, what happened to the civil service?

A

Refused to work with new govt bankers, wouldn’t give money unless threatened, civil service purged

35
Q

Why were the Bolsheviks forced into signing the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Germans wouldn’t stop until peace signed, in 2 weeks before treaty - germans took 63k prisoners, 2.3k artillery guns, 5k machine guns & had advanced to Kiev

36
Q

What did Russia lose from the treaty?

A

1/3 of population (55m people), 90% coal production and lots of good agricultural land

37
Q

What did the Brest-Litovsk treaty do in terms of nationalities?

A

Had to recognise RADA and flee troops from Ukraine

38
Q

How was Russia’s navy effected by the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Black sea fleet disarmed, lost all bases in baltic states bar Kronstadt

39
Q

What was grain production like in 1921?

A

It was 20% of pre war levels

40
Q

How many people had Cholera and Dysentery killed in 1920?

A

3+ million

41
Q

What did Lenin do to prevent peasants holding on to grain in the 1923 scissors crisis?

A

Introduced a money tax

42
Q

When did the SRs walk out of Sovnarkom?

A

The treaty of Brest-Litovsk

43
Q

What happened to the Mensheviks?

A

Julius Martov left country, 5k arrested for counter-revolutionary activities

44
Q

What happened to the SRs?

A

Had a show trial for attempt to kill Lenin - 34 found guilty, 11 executed, party outlawed

45
Q

What triggered the red terror?

A

Lockhart plot - Sir Robert Lockhart (Chief of British diplomatic mission to Moscow) and Fernand Grenard (French Consol General) organised to use the Latvian rifles to kill Lenin and Trotsky

46
Q

What happened in the Lockhart Plot and as a result of it?

A

Lenin wounded and badly shot Aug 30th, next day the head of Petrograd Cheka assassinated- Cheka knew about plot, 5k SRs sent to death, Dora Kaplan (believed shooter) was killed

47
Q

What happened to the Bourgeoisie in the 1918 Constitution?

A

They couldn’t vote

48
Q

How many people were killed in the red terror?

A

500k (from 1918 to 1920)

49
Q

How much food was from rations, and where did the rest come from?

A

1/3, the black market

russia and its rulers 1855-1964 (7 decks)

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