Stalin Flashcards
1
Q
Stalin in Power
A
1927-53
2
Q
First Five Year plan and Collectivisation
A
1928-9
3
Q
Holodomor
A
1932-3
4
Q
Famine
A
1932-4
5
Q
NKVD
A
1934
6
Q
The Great Terror/Purges
A
1934-40
7
Q
New constitution (Stalins constitution)
A
1936
8
Q
The Winter War
A
1939-40
9
Q
Great Patriotic War
A
1941-5
10
Q
NKGB replaces NKVD
A
1943
11
Q
MGB and MVD formed replacing NKGB
A
1946
12
Q
Censorship tightened
A
1946
13
Q
Leningrad Purge
A
1949
14
Q
Discovery of Doctors plot announced
A
1953
15
Q
Name the people who struggles for power after Lenins death
A
Trotsky (left) Stalin (moved around but left) Zinoviev (left) Kamenev (Left) Bukharin (right)
16
Q
What controller industry?
A
Gosplan
17
Q
What were the first 3 five year plans designed to do?
A
Catch up with major powers in industry
18
Q
What were the 4-7th five year plans designed to do?
A
Recover from war and expand beyond industry
19
Q
We’re the five year plan a success?
A
Yes
Russia now one of the major powers
20
Q
What was Holodomor?
A
Ukraine genocide
Grain and good taken from Ukraine to feed Russia
Result of five year plans
21
Q
How many people died during Holodomor?
A
Between 2.5 and 7.5 million died
22
Q
How many people died during the 1932 famine?
A
Around 5 million
23
Q
How many people were arrested in the Great Terror?
A
1 in 8
24
Q
What was the stalin constitution?
A
Formation of USSR
Rights to work and health benefits
25
What was the winter war?
War between Russia and Finland
26
Why was the great patriotic war?
Protection of Russia against Germany in ww2
27
What was the Leningrad purge?
Series of fabricated purges for Stalin to assert authority and remove key Communist figures he saw as a threat
28
What was Comecon?
An ecenomic organization led by the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc
29
What was the doctors plot?
Anti-sematism campaign by Stalin eliminating key Jewish figures
30
Sino-Soviet friendship treaty
1950
31
How many people died under Stalin?
50 million
32
How may died in 1932 famine?
around five million
33
Who was the Winter War between?
Russia and Finland
34
Formation of Comecon
1949
35
Famine in Ukraine
1946-7
36
MGB and MVD merged into MVD
1953
37
Beria executed
1953
38
Who was kicked out if Comecon?
Yugoslavia
39
Nazi Soviet pact
August 1939
40
Number of deaths during Katyn massacre
4231
41
How many died 1918-1921
8 million
42
Structure if gov. changes under Stalin
1936 constitution and rge USSR
43
Three parts of the USSR
Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Sovnarkom) given sole powers to make laws. Divided into two houses
1) Soviet of the Union - members elected every 4 years
2) Soviet of nationalists - consisting of 25 members per union Republic, 11 members per autonomous Republic, 5 members o33 automous region and 1 per national area
44
Steps if collectivisation 1929
1) principles explained to villagers at meetings
2) villagers recruited to seek out kulaks
3) incentives offered e.g tractors
4) either formation of kolkhozy or sovkhozy farms
45
March 1980 Stalin claim
58% of households were collecticised
| Gross exaggeration
46
Effect of collectivisation on Nationalities
Migration e.g in Kazakhstan populations moved to China - population fell by 75% in a few years
47
1941 collector figure
98% of all peasants worked on collectives
48
Result of collectivisation
Famine 1941
49
What was the body responsible for economic output
Gosplan
50
Outline how industry was more about meeting targets than quality
1) gosplan set a target
2) each region told their target
3) region set target for industry locally
4) manager set target for foreman
5) foreman set target for each worker per shift
51
Second five year plan enterprises
4500 new enterprises
52
Success of five year plans
Coal moved up from 64.3 - 128m tonnes
53
Example of Stalin lying
Stakhanovite movement
| Stalin made up figures and reported it to the world
54
Examples of the Terror
1938 Communist meeting - clapped for 11 mins. Paper factory owner stopped - sent to camp for ten years
1938, Bukharin pleeds guikts in a show trial despite being innocent
55
Shakhty trials 1928
50 people arrested or put on trial for supposedly spying in mines
11 sentenced to death
Criminal offense to produce poor quality goods
56
Social impact of war
27m plus Russians killed - 2/3 civilians
1m alone dies during Leningrad
1.1m casualties due to battle of Stalingrad
57
Example of military rewards after ww2
Communist party increased from 3.76m in 1942 to 5.8m in 194
| Rise due to military who were rewarded with party membership
58
Example of Stalin being self concerned post ww2
Georg Zhukov, deputy supreme commander of military through ww2
Figure head of army under Stalin
Sacked after ww2 and banished
59
Tdumab and the Marshall plan
Gave over 12billikn dollars in economic aid to rebuilt europe
Russia sees it as America buying the world in Capitalism
60
Response to Marshall plan
Comecon
| Groups all Communists together against Capitalism
61
Sino-Soviet treaty of friendship and alliance
1950
Provides a 300m dollar loan to 4h3bpoeples Republic of China
Strong relationship under Stalin
62
Soviet Union of writers
1934
Convince writers they must struggle for socialist realism
Set of guidelines
63
Stains cult of personality
Stains picture appeared everywhere
| Every newspaper book and film
64
Komsomol
Youth movement open to those aged 14-28
Membershio compulsory
Grew from 2m members in 1927 to 10m members in 1940
65
Result of education reforms
1929-1940 number or children affending school rose 12m-35m
1939 schooling for 8-14 year old had become universal
1926-39 the literacy rate for the population over the age of nine increased from 51%-88%
66
Stains policy on family
'a poor husband and father, a poor wife and mother, cannot be a good citizen'
Mothers with multiple children declared 'heroines of the Soviet union'
67
How did Stalin justify his power
Superstructure had to be under total control of one individual to prevent infighting
68
Nationalities representation under Stalin
Soviet if Nationalities
| All Nationalities had a voice
69
How many people sent to Gulags
40m
70
How many members of the NKVD purged by ww2?
20000
71
Intensity of renewed collectivisation
50% of all peasants brought together in Kolkhozys increasing to 93% in 1937
98% of all peasant households worked on collectives by 1941
72
Famine 1932-4
Most disastrous
Death penalty for stealing grain shit for eating corn
Discussion of food crisis banned1
73
Effect of ww2 on collectivisation
Relaxed
| Food production rose
74
Pupils attending secondary schools under Stalin
1931=2.5 million
| 1932 = 6.9 million
75
Housing condition under Stalun
Poor
25% of population living in a single room accommodation
Living space fell from 8.5m2 in 1905 to 5.8m2 by 1935
Allocated space rather than rooms
Over 25million Russians made homeless during ww2
76
Stalin and Poland
Nazi non-aggression pact meant S.U would not interfere with Germany attempts to invade Poland
Polish gov fled to London
Yalta = London Poles abandoned and new boarders
Imposition of a Soviet Style constitution and Renamed the people's Republic of Poland
77
Stalin and Ukraine
Heavily impacted by collectivisation e.g holodomor
| Post ww2 accused of being Nazi collaboraters an transported
78
Stalin and Finland
Finland refused Russian military bases ww2
Stalin ordered to bomb Helsinki
Sparker winter war nov. 1939 - March 1940
Finland ceded - balyic States became part of USSR summer 1949
Treaty of friendship 1948
79
Czehoslovaki and Stalin
New gov. Developed trade from Marshall Plan
Communists took advantage of losing control and set up trade unions
Coup resulting in resignation of all non communist members
Made the iron curtain - formation of nato - cold War
80
Stalin and Yugoslavia
Tito objected to over centralisation
| Expelled from Comniforn 1848
81
Early ww2
Nazi Soviet pact 1939 but peace never likely
June 1941 began to invade
27 m Russians killed 2/3rds civilians
82
How many farms collective by 1939
60%
83
Example of peasant opposition to collectivisation
1929-30, 30000 arson attacks and organised mass disturbances increased by 1/3rd
Many peasants slaughtered animals rather than hand then to collectives
March 1939 massive peasants rebellion
84
Who were Stalin rivals in the fight for leadership?
Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin
85
What prompted the move towards mass collectivisation?
Famine 1927-8
86
Methods of dekulakisation
Komsomols and plenipotetiaries visited kulaks
Houses were stripped and they were sent to concentration camps or shot
30000 kulaks shot
87
Response to mass collectivisation by peasants
Wide spread opposition
| Migration
88
Failures of five year plans
Consumer industries neglected = discontent
| Production rose but not to meet over ambitious targets
89
What event halted the progress if the five year plans?
Ww2
90
Example of success of five year plans
Pre war production levels met in 3 years
91
How many people sent to Gulags under Stalin?
40 million
92
When we're the purges? Who was purged
```
1934-9
Political opponents
The army
The people
The NKVD
```
93
Economic impact of ww2
Physical damage by shells and 'scorched earth' tactic
| Factories relocated to the East - not the best areas for organisation
94
Failures of Stalin post war economic strategy
Agriculture suffered through neglect
Famine 1947
Faikure in continuing to invest in grand schemes that had little economic return
95
What was Comniforn and why was it introduced?
Response to the ideological war with the US
| Grouped all communist states together v capitalism
96
Stalin and the Jews
Jewish doctors plot = campaign of antisemitim launched
| 15 Jewish leaders tried and executed
97
Example of Stalin propoganda slogan
'the greatest genius of humanity'
98
Names of propoganda newspapers
Pravda and Zvestiya
99
Stalin and schools
10 years education compulsory
State-prescribed textbooks
1926-39 literacy rate was up from 51% to 88%
100
Stalin and religion
Organised attack of religion under Lenin renewed
Priests publicly humiliated by having to carry out demeaning tasks
During the great terror, 800 higher clergy and 4000 Priests were imprisoned
During wartime, orthodox liturgy used to provide spiritual and emotional uplift
101
Cause of holodomor
Stalin wanted to starve Ukraine into agreeing to Collective farms
102
How many Ukrainians killed in holodomor?
7 million
103
Collective farms
Kolkhozy and Sovkhozy
104
Stalin constitution and Nationalities
Supposedly allowed greater representation
| In theory gave the right of members to secede from the Union
105
Stalin in Poland
Potsdam agreed to a Communist Polish gov. Would he introduced
1952 Poland officially Renamed the people Republic of Poland
106
When did Ukraine get full Republic status?
Stalin constitution 1936
107
Inside opposition to Stalin
The United opposition group
| Trotsky, Kamenev, Zinoviev
108
Comecon
1949
109
Cominform
1947
110
How many members of the NKVD were purged?
30 000
