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Russia > Alexander iii > Flashcards

Alexander iii Flashcards

1
Q

Peasant land banks

A

1882

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2
Q

Failed assassination attempt of Alexander iii

A

1887

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3
Q

Land captains

A

1889

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4
Q

Famine in 17 of Russia 39 provinces

A

1891

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5
Q

Wittes great spurt begins

A

1892

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6
Q

What was the peasant land bank?

A

Bank especially set up by government to allow peasants to borrow and purchase land

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7
Q

Who were land captains?

A

Richer - keep discipline in rural areas

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8
Q

What caused famine in 1891?

A

Vyshnegradakys Medele’ev tariff
Drought in Volga River region effecting agriculture
Outbreaks of Cholera and Typhus

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9
Q

Did Wittes great spurt begin under Alexander iii?

A

yes

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10
Q

Was Wittes great spurt mostly under Nicholas ii?

A

yes

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11
Q

Economic change

A

Great spurt

Peasant land bank

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12
Q

Use of repression

A

Repression /reaction

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13
Q

Treatment of Russian people

A

Russification
Clamped down on Glasnost
Anti-jewish policies
Removal of university autonomy

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14
Q

Judicial/social change

A

Police centralised and special courts for political cases

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14
Q

Judicial/social change

A

Police centralised and special courts for political cases

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15
Q

Alexander iii finance ministers

A

Bunge, Vyshnegradaky, Wittered

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16
Q

Bunge reforms

A 
Defeat socialism 
Improving working and living conditions 
Legalised trade unions 
Accident support
Construction of workers houses, laundries, cafes and reading rooms
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17
Q

Bunge economic reforms

A

Peasant land bank
Abolition of salt tax
Poll tax based on no. Of people on household
69% of system under public control by 1911

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18
Q

Why did Bunge fall from power

A

Blamed for dramatic fall in value of rouble mid-1880s

19
Q

Minister of the interior under Alexander iii

A

Ignatiev

20
Q

Ignatiev reforms

A

Improve peasant loyalty
Two pieces of legislation that aimed to reduce the burden on the peasantry enacted before 1881
Planned Assembly if the land

21
Q

What happened to Ignatiev?

A

Assembly of the land rejected

22
Q

Failures of Vyshnegradaky

A

1891-2 famine in Volga region = illness and death of about 1.5-2 million people
Partly blamed on Mendele’ev tariff

23
Q

Vyshnegradaky slogan

A

We must go hungry, but export

24
Q

Religion under Alexander iii

A

Russian Orthodox Church used to repress - growth in number of churches

25
Q

Polish Russification

A

Extension of Alexander ii

Garrison if 100000 troops permanently stationed in Poland

26
Q

Alexander iii and jews

A

Wave of pogroms, worst = little thunder

47 dead, 400 wounded, 700 houses and 600 shops destroyed

27
Q

Restrictions on peasants

A

Banned from leaving the Mir by 1893

28
Q

Negatives of land captains

A

Could overrule decisions made by peasant courts
Remove peasant officials
Fine or arrest peasants
Use corporal punishment
So repressive some believed serfdom was being re-established

29
Q

Secret police under Alexander iii

A

Reach of okhrana established e.g caretakers become spies

30
Q

Railways under Alexander iii

A

Start if Wittes Great Spurt

Construction of Trans-Siberian railway began

31
Q

Vyshnegradski achievements

A

focus on balanced budget
tariffs onn foreign goods as high as 33% by 1891
income rose by 50%
French loans post 1888 = surplus
gov. revenue 18% increase from grain exports

32
Q

Repression under Alexander iii

A

tariffs
gov. officials seized goods and animals
statue of state security 1881 = gov. controlled courts
execution of 5 members of peoples will
nationwide police offensive = 10000 arrests
over 600 political and economic restrictions

33
Q

Education/religion under Alexander iii

A

Pobedonostev ran church
church schools increased 7fold and pupils attending increased 9fold
banned lower class from secondary schools
250 churches and 10 monasteries built each year
Old style churches e.g Cathedral of the spilled blood

34
Q

Who influenced Alexander iiis more oppressive rule?

A

Pobedonostev
pressure to reject the assembly
published his manifesto on unshakeable autocracy

35
Q

Assembly of the land

A

consultative body like Peter the Greats
3000 representatives elected
rejected by pressure from Pobedonostev

36
Q

State power conservatism Alexander iii

A

Independence of zemstva reduced 1890
0.7% of populations of Moscow and St. Petersburg able to vote in Duma by 1892
Ministry of Internal affairs could declare ‘extraordinary’ protection
authorities could prohibit gatherings of more than 12 people
gov. controlled courts operated outside legal system

37
Q

Failes of Alexander iii to prevent unrest

A

1886-94 = 33 strikes p/y
1903 = 550 strikes p/y involving 138877 workers
Trial of Alexander Ulganov attracted attention to revolutionary cause

38
Q

How many died from Cholera and Typhus 1891?

A

350000

39
Q

Bunge and railways

A

state ownership

69% under pubic control by 1911

40
Q

Alexander iii less repressive policies during famine

A

banned exports on grain, set up a special committee of famine relief and gained funding from two ‘extraordinary’ lotteries

41
Q

Key measures of ‘the Reaction’

A

statute of state security 1881
univerity statute 1887
zemstva act 1890

42
Q

statute of state security

A

1881
special gov. controlled courts operated outside the legal system
Judges and officials with liberal ideas removed
Power of okhrana extended and censorship tightened

43
Q

University statute 1887

A

brought universities under strict gov. control

44
Q

Zmestva act 1890

A

Decreased the independence of local councils

empowered gov. officials to interfere with decision making

45
Q

Corruption of Okhrana

A

Police chief set 6p illegal printing presses so he could shut them down

46
Q

What we’re land captains?

A

Landowners who were appointed mostly to supervise the work of the Zemstva

Russia (8 decks)

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