Alexander iii

Question 1

Peasant land banks

Answer 1

1882

Question 2

Failed assassination attempt of Alexander iii

Answer 2

1887

Question 3

Land captains

Answer 3

1889

Question 4

Famine in 17 of Russia 39 provinces

Answer 4

1891

Question 5

Wittes great spurt begins

Answer 5

1892

Question 6

What was the peasant land bank?

Answer 6

Bank especially set up by government to allow peasants to borrow and purchase land

Question 7

Who were land captains?

Answer 7

Richer - keep discipline in rural areas

Question 8

What caused famine in 1891?

Answer 8

Vyshnegradakys Medele’ev tariff
Drought in Volga River region effecting agriculture
Outbreaks of Cholera and Typhus

Question 9

Did Wittes great spurt begin under Alexander iii?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

Was Wittes great spurt mostly under Nicholas ii?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Economic change

Answer 11

Great spurt

Peasant land bank

Question 12

Use of repression

Answer 12

Repression /reaction

Question 13

Treatment of Russian people

Answer 13

Russification
Clamped down on Glasnost
Anti-jewish policies
Removal of university autonomy

Question 14

Judicial/social change

Answer 14

Police centralised and special courts for political cases

Question 14

Judicial/social change

Answer 14

Police centralised and special courts for political cases

Question 15

Alexander iii finance ministers

Answer 15

Bunge, Vyshnegradaky, Wittered

Question 16

Bunge reforms

Answer 16

Defeat socialism 
Improving working and living conditions 
Legalised trade unions 
Accident support
Construction of workers houses, laundries, cafes and reading rooms

Question 17

Bunge economic reforms

Answer 17

Peasant land bank
Abolition of salt tax
Poll tax based on no. Of people on household
69% of system under public control by 1911

Question 18

Why did Bunge fall from power

Answer 18

Blamed for dramatic fall in value of rouble mid-1880s

Question 19

Minister of the interior under Alexander iii

Answer 19

Ignatiev

Question 20

Ignatiev reforms

Answer 20

Improve peasant loyalty
Two pieces of legislation that aimed to reduce the burden on the peasantry enacted before 1881
Planned Assembly if the land

Question 21

What happened to Ignatiev?

Answer 21

Assembly of the land rejected

Question 22

Failures of Vyshnegradaky

Answer 22

1891-2 famine in Volga region = illness and death of about 1.5-2 million people
Partly blamed on Mendele’ev tariff

Question 23

Vyshnegradaky slogan

Answer 23

We must go hungry, but export

Question 24

Religion under Alexander iii

Answer 24

Russian Orthodox Church used to repress - growth in number of churches

Question 25

Polish Russification

Answer 25

Extension of Alexander ii | Garrison if 100000 troops permanently stationed in Poland

Question 26

Alexander iii and jews

Answer 26

Wave of pogroms, worst = little thunder | 47 dead, 400 wounded, 700 houses and 600 shops destroyed

Question 27

Restrictions on peasants

Answer 27

Banned from leaving the Mir by 1893

Question 28

Negatives of land captains

Answer 28

Could overrule decisions made by peasant courts Remove peasant officials Fine or arrest peasants Use corporal punishment So repressive some believed serfdom was being re-established

Question 29

Secret police under Alexander iii

Answer 29

Reach of okhrana established e.g caretakers become spies

Question 30

Railways under Alexander iii

Answer 30

Start if Wittes Great Spurt | Construction of Trans-Siberian railway began

Question 31

Vyshnegradski achievements

Answer 31

focus on balanced budget tariffs onn foreign goods as high as 33% by 1891 income rose by 50% French loans post 1888 = surplus gov. revenue 18% increase from grain exports

Question 32

Repression under Alexander iii

Answer 32

tariffs gov. officials seized goods and animals statue of state security 1881 = gov. controlled courts execution of 5 members of peoples will nationwide police offensive = 10000 arrests over 600 political and economic restrictions

Question 33

Education/religion under Alexander iii

Answer 33

Pobedonostev ran church church schools increased 7fold and pupils attending increased 9fold banned lower class from secondary schools 250 churches and 10 monasteries built each year Old style churches e.g Cathedral of the spilled blood

Question 34

Who influenced Alexander iiis more oppressive rule?

Answer 34

Pobedonostev pressure to reject the assembly published his manifesto on unshakeable autocracy

Question 35

Assembly of the land

Answer 35

consultative body like Peter the Greats 3000 representatives elected rejected by pressure from Pobedonostev

Question 36

State power conservatism Alexander iii

Answer 36

Independence of zemstva reduced 1890 0.7% of populations of Moscow and St. Petersburg able to vote in Duma by 1892 Ministry of Internal affairs could declare 'extraordinary' protection authorities could prohibit gatherings of more than 12 people gov. controlled courts operated outside legal system

Question 37

Failes of Alexander iii to prevent unrest

Answer 37

1886-94 = 33 strikes p/y 1903 = 550 strikes p/y involving 138877 workers Trial of Alexander Ulganov attracted attention to revolutionary cause

Question 38

How many died from Cholera and Typhus 1891?

Answer 38

350000

Question 39

Bunge and railways

Answer 39

state ownership | 69% under pubic control by 1911

Question 40

Alexander iii less repressive policies during famine

Answer 40

banned exports on grain, set up a special committee of famine relief and gained funding from two 'extraordinary' lotteries

Question 41

Key measures of 'the Reaction'

Answer 41

statute of state security 1881 univerity statute 1887 zemstva act 1890

Question 42

statute of state security

Answer 42

1881 special gov. controlled courts operated outside the legal system Judges and officials with liberal ideas removed Power of okhrana extended and censorship tightened

Question 43

University statute 1887

Answer 43

brought universities under strict gov. control

Question 44

Zmestva act 1890

Answer 44

Decreased the independence of local councils | empowered gov. officials to interfere with decision making

Question 45

Corruption of Okhrana

Answer 45

Police chief set 6p illegal printing presses so he could shut them down

Question 46

What we're land captains?

Answer 46

Landowners who were appointed mostly to supervise the work of the Zemstva