Stairs Flashcards
1
Q
6 barriers to why people don’t take stairs
A
- Perception that it takes too long
- Too much effort
- Perception that it is dangerous
- Accessibility
- Aesthetics
- Not wide enough for group of people to ascend together or ascend and descend simultaneously
2
Q
3 Intervention strategies to promote stairuse
A
- Decrease barriers to stairs
- Increase barriers to elevators
- Incentives
3
Q
How to dec barriers to stairs
A
- Make stairwell more:
1. Accessible
2. Visible
3. Well lit
4. Wider
5. Attractive (plants, clean, pleasant aroma, interesting)
4
Q
Disadvantages of increasing barriers to elevators (2)
A
- Disadvantages people who need to take stairs cause of mobility issues/transporting materials w/cart
- Considered better to use pos incentives than neg incentives to attempt to modify people’s behaviour
5
Q
Why is using a reward like a chocolate bar for taking the stair controversial
A
- The reward they chose undermined the larger intent of promoting stair walking for weight control
- The inc in stair-walking the (extrinsic) reward produced was prob temp. & following week w/out candy reward many people may revert to elevator use
6
Q
Possible ways to measure outcome use for stairs
A
- Measure stair n elevator use both b4 n after intervention
- Measure @ same time (of yr, of week, of day)
- Also measure in weeks n months following intervention to see how persistent is any change in stair or elevator use
- Indirect measures (e.g. surveys asking q’s like “Do u take the stairs or elevators”) are less desirable than direct measures such as:
- Having observers discreetly positioned to view and record stair and elevator use
- Film the stairwell and elevator. A motion-activated recorder will save the researcher from scanning minutes of film w/no people. Covert filming may present privacy issues in some contexts
- Use pressure-activated mat or infra-red light beam to record how many people pass a given point. Don’t use a turnstile w/a counter, as the turnstile imposes a barrier to use
- If you just count people moving past one point (e.g. at the bottom of the stairs) u will not account for the fact that some people traverse a single flight of stairs while others take multiple flights
- Are u only interested in stairs ascent, or also in descents
7
Q
What were the 5 criteria accessed during the study on downtown buildings stairs
A
- Was the entrance to the stairwell visible from the entrance to building or from the elevators
- Was there a door or no door to the stairwell
- If there was a door, was it solid, glass, or locked? Was there a sign indicating that stairs were behind the door?
- Was the stairwell considered brightly lit
- Was the stairwell spacious enough for 2 people
8
Q
Of the buildings that had stairwells how many met all of their accessibility criteria
A
11%
9
Q
What is the Stairway to Health program
A
- Program encourages people to take stairs at work
- Partnership between Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Council for Health and Active Living at Work
10
Q
Bicycling is an effective form of what exercise
A
aerobic
11
Q
Advantage of bicycling over running for people w/orthopedic limitations like arthritis
A
No impact w/ground on each step that accompanies runnning
12
Q
Advantage of bicycling over running for people w/heavy peopl
A
Bicycle supports the rider’s body weight, so on relatively flat terrain heavy people are less handicapped when cycling rather than running
13
Q
Why do people cycle
A
- For sport, fitness, transportation, and recreation
14
Q
One of the most effective ways to promote community PA?
A
- create environment that allow people to walk or cycle as they go about their daily activities: shopping, going to work or school, visiting friends, even going out socially
15
Q
Who is the most persuadable group, the ones most likely to adopt cycle transport?
A
- people who would cycle to school, work, gym, store etc. if conditions were favourable
16
Q
Why are lack of bike lanes not a barier
A
- real barrier is ‘fear of riding w/motor vehicle traffic’
- bike lanes more like solution to this barrier
17
Q
8 barriers to bicycle use
A
- Fear of ‘sharing the road’ w/motor vehicles (aggressive drivers compound this)
- Perception that it takes longer to bike than drive/take the bus
- Perception that it takes a lot of effort to cycle (hilly terrain n long distances compound this)
- Don’t want to arrive at destination sweaty, smelly, or tired
- Limited carrying capacity e.g. passengers, books, groceries
- Concern that bike will be stolen
- Don’t want to get wet and cold riding in the rain
- Perception that its not safe to ride after dark
18
Q
6 intervention strategies to dec barriers to cycling
A
- Physical interventions
- Policy changes
- Bike share programs
- Urban redesign
- New L.A. law bans harassing bicyclists
- Changing societal norms
19
Q
5 examples to slns to 1. Physical interventions
A
- Build bike lanes that separate cyclists from motorists
- Provide more n better change rooms n showers at schools n workplaces
- Provide secure bike storage
- Design racks that carry more than 2 bikes on public transit buses
- Build covered bike lanes to shelter riders from rain
20
Q
4 examples to Policy changes
A
- Allows bus riders to bring their bikes into bus
- Schedule the 1st classes of the day to start later (allow peeps more time to cycle to school)
- Provide valet service at SFU for cyclists
- Organize a meal delivery and/or baggage transport service that would offset the limited capacity of bikes.
21
Q
What was purpose of Mexico’s Eco-Bici program
A
- inc bicycle mode share (% of commuting) from 1% to 5%
- price for bikes structure for short-term use like cycling for work
22
Q
Cons of proposed Vancouver Bici bike share program
A
- hurt business of bike rental shops
- Van’s helmet laws means rider need to bring own helmets or use shared ones (unhygienic)
- requires lots of funding
23
Q
Examples of Urban redesign, and how does it inc bike useage
A
- refigure communities so that home, work, school, shopping, n recreation are closer together
- changes in zoning n land use can foster high-density urban clusters rather than sprawling metropolises where people live in residential suburbs n commute large distances by car or bus
- more compact communities facilitate transport by foot or bike
24
Q
Explain the new L.A law for cyclists
A
- makes it a crime for motorists to harass bicyclists, verbally or physically
- allows victims of harassment to file civil lawsuits w/out waiting for city to press charges
25
Why is it important to change societal norms
- adds human level to our transport
- currently cycle transport is relatively uncommon in Van n other NA cities. If cycle transport more common n more accepted as 'normal' behaviour, more of those that we referred to in the intro to this unit as the "middle group" will feel comfortable cycling
26
Why is it less controversial to motivate behavioural change by removing barriers to the desired behaviour rather than raising barriers to the undesired behaviour
- human behaviour is complex n hard to predict e.g. raise tobacco taxes reduces tobacco consumption but creates black market in cigarettes
- inc barriers to motor vehicle use doesn't necessarily mean they'll get u to cycle more but just drive less (may take bus or carpool etc.)
27
Economic incentives must be ___ to work
substantial
28
Why did B.C. Tel suspend the offer of rewards for participation in PA?
- they were 'rewarding the converted' (people who participate regularly would participate regularly anyways even w/out financial reward)
29
What did B.C. Tel found to drive participation
- having fitness facilities at the workplace n allowing employees longer lunches to exercise at noon drove participation, not financial incentives
30
Why is the tax deduction not a good incentive to inc PA at the individual lvl
- Not a refund, but a deduction against income (person in 25% income tax bracket, tax savings only amount to $125 per child)
31
Why has Europe faced inc popularity of cycling
- 'more fashionable' to cycle
| - response to economic trouble Europe experienced in recent years
32
Promotional events that Vancouver has done to promote biking
- Bike to Work Week (incentives like free coffee)
| - Critical Mass
33
Do promotional events work? If so, why not on Van
- Can b effective if environment supports behaviour in question
- Van has many environmental barriers like wet weather, hills etc. and until barriers addressed promotional events will not produce lasting inc in cycling for transportation
34
What does build it and they will come refer to
The concept here is recognition of an unmet demand
35
Only 2% of commuters to downtown Van arrive by bike. Why wasted $$ building facilities like bike lanes for a small minority
Yes building lanes will not gurantee people will use them but if bike lanes are NOT there, we can b sure they won't be used
36
Reason for inc in bike usage in Europe
- social trend (more fashionable to bike)
| - economic crisis (bikes cheaper to buy n operate)
37
Argument against "it will be too expensive to build infrastructure"
- If a society values inc cycle transport highly enough e.g. to inc PA of citizens, reduce fossil fuel use, road congestion, air pollution --- then it may decide that the costs of bike infrastructure are worthwhile
38
The point is to be creative in proposing slns, and to weigh _____
the various values --- economic, environmental, social, health--- when doing a cost/benefit analysis of proposals
39
Reasons why walking is a good form of exercise
- simple
- req no special skill or equipment
- done anywhere on land
40
Where have humans historically walked for? How was it changed in the 21st century
- obtain resources
- exchange artifacts
- adapt to seasonal variations in weather
- Walking has been largely supplanted by motorized transportation (cars, bus etc.) n by sedentary work n recreation
41
Which age group spend most time walking
Retired people
42
What did Erica Moore study examine
How easy it was to use stairs in Vancouver buildings
43
If u want people to use stairs a 1st step is to
make stairs accessible n pleasant. This won't guarantee that people will use stairs, but if stairs are not accessible u can be pretty sure people won't use them
44
Historically interventions have targeted ___
individuals
45
More recent approach uses ___ interventions
environmental interventions
46
Examples of environmental interventions
- Physical environment (playgrounds, sidewalks) n social, psychological, political, regulatory, and financial envrionment
47
Saelens reported higher lvls of PA and lower rates of obesity in a neighbourhood that was more ____ than the other neighbourhood studied
walkable
48
Sallis study found vigorous PA was related to ___
the # of convient activity facilities outside the homes
49
Larry Frank is an academic whose speciality is ____
linking community design to inc PA
50
Atlanta residents who live in the most 'walkable' neighbourhoods were ____ than those who live in the least walkable areas
250% more likely to be PA
51
A signle-lvl inc in an area's walkability index equated to
30% inc in people classified as 'active'
52
Walkability was calculated based on ___
land-use mix (residential, commercial, industiral, parks), residential density, intersection density, presence of sidewalks, and sidewalk connectivity
53
How is being 'physically active' defined as
at least 30 mins of daily moderate PA
54
How does Frank compare PA promotion programs and walkable neighbourhoods
- PA promotion programs for individuals typically have short-term effects while building walkable neighborhoods could b expected to have relatively permeant effects
55
What did Coronor argue made the Atlanta study important
It measured actual activity of adults rather than relying on self-reported methods of past research
56
The Atlanta study how were participants tracked by their activity
Wore accelerometers that monitored a lvl of physical intensity min by min
57
What did the Atlanta survey affirm
The fact that all activity adds up, every additional min can add to ur daily total
58
Frank says he hopes to convince people when looking for a home to factor in ___
Walkability (what the purchase means for their health)
59
Heart and Stroke Foundation reported studies show that those who live in less walkable neighbourhoods are more likely to ___
- be overweight n generate more auto-related air pollution
60
5% inc in the "walkability" of a neighbourhood was associated with ___
a quarter point drop in BMI, a 32% inc in reported walking, n 4.7% inc in total moderate n vigorous activity measured thru hip-worn activity monitors, 6.5% less driving n 5.5% reduction in air pollution
61
How did proponents countered that inc density would bring inc noise, traffic congestion, pollution etc.
Inc density would attract more retail n commercial business, thus allowing people to walk rather than drive to work n shop.
- Larry Beasly (promoted higher density of Van) envisioned downtown Van was for neighbourhoods that each had a "commercial high street, open space, green linkages, a social mix by income and household type (esp providing for fams with children), and an infrastructure of public facilities n services
62
What is Walk21
- nonprodit organization that advocates for political, social, n envrionmental change to promote walking
- linked to International Charter for Walking
63
What is the goal of International Charter for Walking
Creating healthy, efficient n sustainable communities where people choose to walk
- reducing the physical, social, n institutional barriers that limit walking activity
- help create a culture where people choose to walk thru our commitment to this charter n its strategic principles
64
What are the strategic principles in the International Charter for Walking
1. Inc inclusive mobility
2. Well designed n managed spaces n places for peeps
3. Improved integration of networks
4. Supportive land-use and spatial planning
5. Reduced road danger
6. Less crime and fear of crime
7. More supportive authorities
8. A culture of walking
65
What is the problem explained in the International Charter for Walking
- we r becoming less healthy, have inefficient transport systems n our environments r under inc pressure to accommodate our needs
66
What is a established n unique primary indicator of the quality of life
the quality n amt of walking as an everyday activity
67
Authorities keen to create healthier n more efficient communities n places cane make significant advancments by
simple encouraging more walking
68
Built on extensive discussions w/experts thruout the world this Charter shows ___
How to create a culture where peeps choose to walk
69
___ is a fundamental n universal right whatever our ability or motivation n continues to be a major part of our lives
Walking
70
Walking has stopped being a necessity in many parts of the world n have become a ___
luxury
71
Why do we chose not to walk
- we have forgotten how easy, pleasurable n beneficial it is
72
As a result from our inactivity we r suffering from record lvls of ___. Walking offers ___
obesity, depression, heart disease, road rage, anxiety, n social isolation
- happiness, health, and an escape
73
Walking has the ability to restore and preserve
Muscular, nervous, n emotional health while at the same time giving a sense of independence n self-confidence
74
What is the vision of the International Charter for Walking
- to create a world where peeps choose n r able to walk as a way to travel, to b healthy and to relax, a world where authorities, organisations n individuals have:
1. recognized the value or walking
2. Made a commitment to healthy, efficient, n sustainable communities
3. worked together to overcome the physical, social, n institutional barriers which often limit people's choice to walk
75
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "Increased inclusive mobility" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- people in communities have the right to accessible streets, squares, buildings n public transport systems regardless of their age, income level, gender etc,
- Actions: 1. Ensure safe n convenient independent mobility for all by providing access on foot for as many peeps as possible to as many places as possible esp to public transport n buildings
2. Integrate the needs of people w/limited abilities by building n maintaining high-quality services n facilities that r socially inclusive
76
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "Well designed n managed spaces n places for people" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- communities have right to live in healthy, convenient n attractive environment tailored to their needs n to freely enjoy the amenities of public areas in comfort n safely away from intrusive noise n pollution
- Actions: 1. Design streets for peeps n not only for cars
2. provide clean, well-lit streets n paths, free from obstruction, wide enough for their busiest use n w/sufficient opportunities to cross roads safely n directly
3. ensure seating n toilets provided in quantities n locations that meet the needs of all users
4. address the impact of climate thru appropriate design n facilities, e.g shade
5. design legible streets w/clear signing n onsite information to encourage specific journey planning n exploration on foot
6. value, develop, n maintain high quality n fully accessible urban green spaces n waterways
77
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "Improved integration of networks" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- communities have right to a network of connected, direct n easy to follow walking routes which r safe, comfortable, attractive n well maintained, linking their homes, shops, schools etc.
- actions 1. Build n maintain high quality networks of connected, fxnal, n safe walking routes between homes n local destinations that meet community needs
2. provide an integrated, extensive n well-equipped public transport service w/vehicles which r fully accessible to all potential users
3. design public transport stops n interchanges w/easy safe n convenient pedestrian access n supportive info
78
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "supportive land-use n spatial planning" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- "" to expect land-use n spatial planning policies which allow them to walk to the majority of everyday services n facilities, maximizing the opportunities for walking, reducing car-dependency, n contributing to community life
- actions: 1. put people on foot at the heart of urban planning
2. improve land-use n spatial planning, ensuring new housing etc. located n designed so people can walk there
3. reduce conditions for car-dependent lifestyles
79
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "reduced road danger" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- "" for their streets to b designed to prevent accidents and to be enjoyable, safe n convenient for people walking
- actions 1. reduce danger that vehicles present by managing traffic
2. encourage pedestrian-friendly driving culture w/targeted campaigns
3. reduced vehicle speeds in residential districts, shopping streets n around schools
4. reduce impact of busy roads by installing sufficient safe crossing points, ensuring minimal waiting times
5. Ensure that facilities designed 4 cyclists do not compromise pedestrian safety
80
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "Less crime n fear of crime" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- "" to expect an urban environment designed, maintained n policed to reduce crime n the fear of crime
- action: 1. ensure buildings provide views onto and activity @ street lvl to encourage a sense of surveillance n deterrence to crime
2. conduct pedestrian audits by day n after dark to identify concerns for persona security n then target areas for improvements
3. provide training n info for transport professionals to inc awareness of the concerns of pedestrians for their personal security n the impact of such concerns on their decisions to walk
81
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "More supportive authorities" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- "" to expect authorities to provide for, support n safeguard their ability n choice to walk
- actions: 1. commit to a clear, concise, n comprehensive action plan for walking, to set targets, secure stakeholder support n guide investment n includes the following actions:
2. involve all relevant agencies (transport, health etc.) at all lvls
3. consult local organizations representing young people on foot
4. collect quantitative data about walking
5. integrate walking into training and on-going staff professional development for transport
6. Provide the necessary ongoing resources to implement the adopted action plan
7. implement pilot-projects to advance best-practice n support research by offering to be a case study n promoting local experience wildly
8. measure the success of programmes by surveying n comparing data collected b4, during, n after implementation
82
Describe the International Charter for Walking's strategic principle "A culture of walking" and actions that can be taken for improvement
- "" to up-to-date, good quality, accessible info on where the can walk n quality of experience. People should b given opportunities to celebrate n enjoy walking as part of their everyday social, cultural, n political life
- actions: 1. encourage members of community to walk as part of daily lives by developing regular creative, targeted info, in a way that responds to their personal needs
2. create pos image of walking by celebrating walking as part of cultural heritage
3. provide coherent n consistent info n signage systems to support exploration on foot
4. financially reward people who walk more
83
What does the Stairway to Health website provide
1. Summary of barriers of using stairs
2. Tips for getting support from employer
3. Fact sheets that list benefits of stair-walking n give success stories
4. an online calculator in which u enter ur weight n time spent ascending/descending stairs n tell how many calories u burned
5. advice on how to evaluate effectiveness of a program intended to inc use of stairs
84
What was Beat the Street
A program, not an environmental intervention
85
What did Beat the Street coincide with
International Walk to School Month
86
How did kids record their walking in the Beat the Street competition
recorded the distance they walked to school using magnetic cards or fobs that they swipe at "beat boxes" on light poles in the school area
87
In 2011 version of Beat the street who showed the biggest change
girls
88
What did the australian longitudinal study of women's health suggest of women's PA of moms vs. non-mom
- mothers of young children have lower PA than women of similar age w/no children
89
Barriers for women w/children for PA
- lack of personal resources
- transport difficulties
- lack of leisure companions
- tiredness
- inflexibility of sm children's needs for eating n sleeping
90
Aim of ProActive Mums?
- to determine the relative efficacy of 2 strategies designed to inc the proportion of mothers of young children who r meeting current guidelines for PA (150 mins of mod PA/week)
91
Where did ProActive Mums use for setting for recruitment
childcare centers
92
Describe the 3 groups studied in ProActive Mum
1. Women from CCCs in Group 1 (control) received only surveys
2. Women from CCCs in Group 2 were given a print intervention
3. Women from CCCs in Group 3 given print intervention and invited to contribute to development of n participation in strategies for promotion of PA among mothers of young children
93
How were the 2 intervention strategies evaluated
- series of surveys n interviews
94
What components were evaluated among women in Group 3 vs. Group 2 and Group 1
- changes in PA, self-efficacy, perceived partner support
95
What was the print intervention prescribed
- 8 pg booklet containing motivational msgs n info about PA
| - emphasized importance of PA n inc strategies for overcoming barriers specific to mothers of young children
96
What did the intervention phase of project focus on
inc partner support n self-efficacy
97
Outcomes of ProActive Mums project
- changes in provision of childcare n target-group-directed changes in scheduling of PA classes at # of local sporting facilities
- use of addnal community facilities for PA classes that addressed needs of target group
98
Describe baseline for ProActive Mums
- less than half meeting current guidelines for adequate PA for health benefit
99
Strong relationship between meeting guidelines for PA n ____
lvls of reported partner support for activity
100
lvls of social support were greater among women ___
from more advantaged social backgrounds
101
Post project results
- Group 3 more likely to meet recommendations at post-intervention follow up
- Intervention effect in group 3 not maintained at long-term follow up
- community participation approach that facilitates inc partner support n self-efficacy r effective in inc PA among the mothers
- changes in PA mediated by changes in partner support n self-efficacy in PA (suggests intervention successfully targeted individual chars)
- future strategies: focus on targeting pop b4 this lifestage to encourage habitual PA. leave attempts to inc PA until after children reach school age.
102
What is MRFIT
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial - primary prevention trial to determine effects of multi-factorial intervention on CHD death in pop. of high-risk men assigned either to special intervention program or usual sources of med care w/in community
103
What age group were the men
35-37
104
What did the exam screen for
serum cholesterol lvl, DBP, and daily cigarette consumption
105
how many and which men allowed in study-
- those in upper 15% of risk
| - 13,000 men
106
What 2 groups were men randomly assigned to
1. Special intervention group
| 2. Usual sources of health care in the community
107
Describe special intervention group
- agreed to change behaviour
- participated in 10 group intervention sessions aimed at behavioural change around the 3 risk factors
- received range of individual behaviour change programs
108
results of MRFIT
- SI showed significant reductions but this declined over time
- UC also achieved reductions without the intervention
- no statistically significant diff between two groups in CHD mortality and all-cause mortality
- some success could be achieved w/intensive one-on-one efforts, but expensive ($150 mil)
- many North Americans were becoming more aware of CVD risk factors n were modifying their behaviour regardless
109
What did the Stanford Three Community Study examine
whether community health education can reduce risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease among 35-49 yr olds
110
risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease
cigarette smoking, high BP
111
What lvl of study was the Stanford Three Community Study
Community-lvl, but administered by experts outside community
112
What towns were studied in the Stanford Three Community Study
- Pop?
Tracy, Gilroy, Watsonville
| - 15,000
113
Describe what each town received
1. Tracy: Baseline survey, 3 annual surveys after
2. Gilroy: Tracy stuff and Mass media campaign + weekly newspaper columns, billboards, posters, n direct mail.
3. Watsonville: Tracy + Gilroy stuff n experimental approach where random sample ~100 high-risk peep received intensive f2f counselling over 10 weeks in 1st yr. Also instructed to pass ideas on to others in community
114
What dd the campaigns try to do
attempt to make people aware of causes of CVD n behaviour of patterns that influence risk, n provide knowledge n skills necessary to change behaviour
115
How did MRFIT study n Stanford study differ
MRFIT targeted individuals, while Stanford used a public health model n targeted the broader community
116
Advantages of community lvl interventions
1. More applicable to real environment
2. Allow for "snowball effect" where intervention diffuses thru community n people support one another in making changes
3. Allow for better generalizability than studies where subjects r volunteers
117
Outcome measures of the Stanford Three Community Study
- dietary changes (recorded from diaries), smoking rates, n BP (from surveys)
118
Results of the Stanford Three Community Study
- risk of CVD inc slightly over 2 yrs in control
- gilroy (media-only intervention) had significantly greater risk reduction than control
- intensive instruction group Watsonville experienced greatest reduction in CVD risk score
- knowledge scores also showed a dose-response relationship w/significant differences among Tracy, Gilroy, n Watsonville
- no significant change in physical leisure activity scores
- neither intervention community achieved sustained weight loss. Suggests that intensive-mass media educational campaigns can be cost-effective ways to change behaviour
119
What was the traditional diet of North Karelia
Traditional-style fat-rich foods
120
How was the Stanford Three Community Study and the North Karelia Study similar
North Karelia also used mass health education rather than individual contact
- both programs community-based
121
How was the Stanford Three Community Study and the North Karelia Study diff
- North Karelia was community-driven n used local resources while Stanford study driven by outside experts
122
Name some initiaties the North Karelia Study used
1. University staff trained local health professionals in prevention
2. Every public health nurse n physician asked to help modify risk factors of patients n clients
3. Screening program to identify those w/hypertension
4. opinion leaders in various villages become project assistants
5. health promotion campaigns ran at worksites
6. National t.v. broadcasts
7. national 'quit n win' contests to reduce smoking. individual counseling set up for smokers
8. Cholesterol-lowering competitions were held between villages
9. youth projects were initiated
123
Name some environmental changes the North Karelia Study used
1. Ban on public smoking
2. School health education
3. Posters
4. Radio advertising
5. New recipes developed for traditional sausages
6. Campaigns 4 people to grow veggies
7. Policy changes in health, agriculture, commerce within Finland as a whole.
124
How often were surveys distributed
at beginning and every 6 months to 2,500 people
125
results of the North Karelia Study
- CVD mortality rates for men aged 35-64 dec more than half
- butter use on bread dropped
- use of low-fat milk inc
- fruit n veg consumptio inc
- smoking dropped in men but inc in women
- mortality rates declined in reference area too, diff in study area n reference area not significant
- risk factors changed to similar extent for people w/diff initial lvls...might be adequate for low initial risk but not very high risk
- changes didn't occur in patterns
126
Fundamental assumption behind Health Promoting Hospitals concept
- In addition o providing traditional medical interventions, hospitals can also promote health
127
How does health n health promotion differ
- health implies a static condition
| - health promotion is a more active, process-based concepts
128
HPH movement rooted in Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which defined health promotion as
A process that enables people to inc control over n to improve their health
129
Since 1993, a HPH ___
a HPH newsletter has been published twice yearly
130
How does traditional health focuses and HPH differ
while traditional hospital focuses on health of patient, HPH recognizes its fluence is broader n also affects staff, visitors, patients fam members n those who reside and work in hospital neighbourhood
131
What are the 5 spheres/domains that health-promoting activities can occur in
1. the hospital as a physical n social setting
2. the hospital as a workplace
3. the hospital as a provider of services
4. training, education, n research
5. the hospital as an agent of change
132
What was the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion a response to
growing expectations for a new public health movement around the world
133
What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion definition of health promotion
the process of enabling people to inc control over, and to improve, their health
134
Prerequisites for health
1. Peace
2. Shelter
3. Education
4. Food
5. Income
6. A stable eco-system
7. Sustainable resources
8. Social justice and equity
135
3 terms used for health promotion
1. Advocate
2. Enable
3. Mediate
136
Health promotion action means what
1. Build Healthy Public Policy
2. Create supportive environments
3. Develop personal skills
4. Reorient Health service
5. Moving into the future
137
Describe 1. Build Healthy Public Policy
- make the healthier choice the easier choice
138
What did the participants in the Conference pledge to do
- to move to an arena of healthy public policy, n to advocate a clear political commitment to health n equity in all sectors
- to counteract the pressures towards harmful products, resource depletion, ...
139
Call for international attention... by what year would Health For All become a reality
year 2000
140
What were the 3 major challenges that were not being adequately addressed by current health policies
- Inequality (disadvantaged group have significantly lower life expectancy, poorer health etc. than avg Canadian)
- Need for more prevention: (preventable diseases continue to undermine health n quality of life of many Canadians)
- Helping people cope (many suffer from chronic diseases, disability etc. n lack adequate community support to help them cope n live meaningful productive lives
141
Achieving Health For All outlines 3 mechanism intrinsic to health promotion
1. Self care: the decision n actions individals take in the interest of their own health
2. Mutual aid: The actions people take to help each other cope
3. Healthy environments: the creation of conditions n surroundings conducive to health
142
Achieving Health For All outlines 3 mechanism intrinsic to health promotion
1. Self care: the decision n actions individuals take in the interest of their own health
2. Mutual aid: The actions people take to help each other cope
3. Healthy environments: the creation of conditions n surroundings conducive to health
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The overall vision of Achieving Health for All is an integration of "health promotion" with "health care" and a more holistic approach that...
1. fosters public participation
2. strengthens community health services
3. coordinates healthy public policy
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2 examples of 3. coordinates healthy public policy
1. Tobacco: Canadian farmers grow tobacco for living, but tobacco use causes diseases. Conflicting interests indicate need to coordinate policy among ministries of health, agriculture, revenue, n justice
2. Impaired driving: this issue involves health, road safety, criminal code n enforcement w/provincial n federal govt cooperation
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2 examples of 3. coordinates healthy public policy
1. Tobacco: Canadian farmers grow tobacco for living, but tobacco use causes diseases. Conflicting interests indicate need to coordinate policy among ministries of health, agriculture, revenue, n justice
2. Impaired driving: this issue involves health, road safety, criminal code n enforcement w/provincial n federal govt cooperation
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What is networking
Process of making contacts that can b mutually beneficial, n sharing info
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How can networking occur thru
1. Conferences: talks, posters etc.
2. Conference proceedings, which r published summaries of talks n posters that were presented
3. Websites
4. Mailing lists
5. Directories of members
6. Newsletters
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Describe Active Living Coalition for Older Adults
formed by coming together of 3 groups committed to promoting a culture n environment that motivated older Canadians to inc PA as an essential part of daily life
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Describe Alberta Centre for Active Living
the Centre is a member of the Coalition for Active Living n the Alberta Healthy Living Network
- site has resources from other organizations on aspects of PA
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What is the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology
Voluntary organization composed of professionals interested in n involved in scientific study of exercise physiology, exercise biochem, fitness n health
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What does CINDI stand for
- Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention Programme
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Who started CINDI
WHO
153
What is CINDI's mission
to establish cooperative projects n programmes to help prevent n control noncommunicable diseases n to promote healthier lifestyles
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What is CINDI's mission
to establish cooperative projects n programmes to help prevent n control noncommunicable diseases n to promote healthier lifestyles
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CINDI's 3 priorities
1. Reducing: smoking, unhealthy nutrition, alcohol abuse, physical Inactivity, psycho-social stress
2. Enhancing preventive practices of health professionals
3. Ensuring success by exchanging info, sharing experience, n building up international networks
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What does CARMEN translate to and similar to which group
- Group working for the multifactorial reduction of noncommunicable diseases
- analogous to CINDI
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What is CARMEN's 3 strategies
1. Integrated prevention n health promotion
2. Establishment of demonstration areas
3. Promotion of health equity (by considering underlying influences on health inequalities)
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What does CDAPC stand for
Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance
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What is the Coalition for Active Living
a national action group advocating to ensure that environments where Canadians live, work, play support reg PA.
- CAL responsible for a Pan-Canadian PA Strategy and is funded by the PA Contribution Program of Health Canada
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What is the Coalition for Active Living
a national action group advocating to ensure that environments where Canadians live, work, play support reg PA.
- CAL responsible for a Pan-Canadian PA Strategy and is funded by the PA Contribution Program of Health Canada
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What is the Canadian Obesity Network's Mission
- to reduce the burden of obesity on canadians by linking obesity researchers w/health professionals, policy makers, n other stakeholders to foster knowledge, translation, capacity building n partnerships
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strategic objectives of canadian obesity network
1. Knowledge Translation
2. Capacity Building
3. Networking/Partnership
