Children Flashcards
What are some child and youth health behaviours
- brushing teeth
- washing hands
What is personality
largely influenced by “nature” vs. “nurture” – i.e. ur born w/personality n personality remains relatively stable thruout life
What is values
- e.g. honesty, trust, respect
- acquired early in life
- fundamental part of who u are as a person
What are behaviours
- more complex n nuanced
- beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, expectations of probable consequences, n current emotional state all influence what we do in a particular situation
What age does early childhood end
8 or age 5 when they start school
Who has more influence over child in early childhood stage
mother
What behaviours do children show during early childhood
- tend to be egocentric (the world revolves around me
- have trouble seeing things from another person’s POV
- more concerned about how things affect themselves (might expect playmate to share his toys, but at same time be resistant to sharing a fav toy of their own)
When does middle childhood last until
- ~ age 12 or around age of puberty, when sex glands become fxnal
During middle childhood what values do they learn
values of their societies
During middle childhood what is the primary developmental task
Integration: development w/in the individual n development of the individual w/in the social context
During middle childhood who are children strongly influenced by
- have a growing peer orientation, yet r strongly influenced by fam
What view does Harris argue in “The Nuture Assumption”
that children identify w/their classmates rather than parents, modify their behaviour to fit w/peer group, n this ultimately helps to form the character of the individual
When is adolescence
period btwn beginning of puberty and adulthood (about the end of HS)
What occurs during adolescence
- individuals evovle their own self-concepts w/in peer context
- often rely on peer group for direction regarding what is normal n accepted
- teens pull away from reliance on fam as a source of identity
- conflicts between fam n growing peer-group affiliation
- face choices regarding substance use n sexual behaviour
- more mobility (allowed to walk or bus on their own n eventually drive cars) and purchasing power ($ from part-time job; mobility n $ extend their range of choices n arguably weaken the influence of their fam
What occurs during adolescence in western society
- time of experimentation, testing, trying on diff “personae” n rebelling against authority
During adolescence what is “individuating n separating”
the young person breaks away from his parents n forms an identity as an individual
- predictable that taste in fashion n music heavily influenced by peers
- belonging n fitting in r powerful motivators to teens
3 major influences on children’s health
- Adults (Parents, other adults)
- Peers
- Social institutions (schools, religion, amateur sports, other social institutions)
- Media
What 5 forms do parental influence on children take
- Childrearing style
- Role modeling
- Establishing, training, & enforcing behaviour
- Supporting activity, e.g. taking kids to park
- Setting limits on amount of sedentary time
highest lvl of child health practices found in fams that ____
give children high degree of autonomy n use reasoning instead of punishment for discipline
Punishment (e.g. spanking) can lead to?
Dec self-esteem
Threats n bribe ___ correlated with healthy eating
neg
preschoolers r more independent in health behaviours if their moms are ___
warm n nurturing
in fams where lots of conflict, children tend to have ___. Why
poorer health behaviours
- more nrg spent on conflict instead of teaching independence
in Euro-American groups, _____ is the most effective technique for socializing children’s health behaviour
modeling of health behaviour