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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > Staining and Culture Media > Flashcards

Staining and Culture Media Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A procedure that is meant to give color to the organisms, making them easier to see under the microscope

A

Staining

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2
Q

A type of staining that makes use of a single dye which can either be aqueous (water-based) or alcohol-based

A

Simple staining

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3
Q

This method of staining is a quick and easy way to visualize cell shape, size, and arrangement of bacteria

A

Simple staining

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4
Q

A type of staining that uses safranin, methylene blue, or crystal violet

A

Simple staining

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5
Q

Application of heat to a bacterial smear preparation. This procedure simultaneously kills and attaches the bacteria to the slide

A

Heat fixation

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6
Q

What are types of staining?

A

Simple staining
Differential staining
Special staining

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7
Q

A type of staining that are used to differentiate one group of bacteria from another

A

Differential staining

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8
Q

What are the two types of differential staining?

A

(1) Gram stain
(2) Acid fast stain

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9
Q

A type of differential staining that distinguishes gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria

A

Gram stain

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10
Q

What color will gram-positive bacterias if stained?

A

blue/purple

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11
Q

What color will gram-negative bacterias if stained?

A

red/pink

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12
Q

As general rule, all cocci are gram-positive except what?

A

Neisseria
Veilonella
Branbamella

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13
Q

As general rule, all bacilli are gram-negative except what?

A

Corynebacterium
Clostridium
Bacillus
Mycobacterium

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14
Q

A type of differential staining that is used for bacteria with high lipid content in their cell wall, hence cannot be stained using Gram stain

A

Acid-fast stain

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15
Q

What are the two methods in staining acid-fast bacteria?

A

Ziebl-Neelsen stain (hot method)
Kinyoun stain (cold method)

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16
Q

A stain known as “hot method” because it requires steam - bathing the prepared smear after addition of the primary dye

A

Ziebl-Neelsen stain

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17
Q

In using Ziebl-Neelsen stain, acid-fast organims will appear in what color?

A

red on a blue background

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18
Q

In using Kinyoun stain, acid-fast organims will appear in what color?

A

red on a green background

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19
Q

A stain known as “cold method” as it does not utilize heat after addition of the primary stain, which is oil-based

A

Kinyoun stain

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20
Q

A type of stain that are used to demonstrate specific structures in a bacterial cell

A

Special stain

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21
Q

Metachromatic granules can be visualized using what stain?

A

Loeffler Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMB) stain

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22
Q

Stain used to visualize capsule or slime layer

A

Hiss stain

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23
Q

Stain used to visualize cell wall

A

Dyer stain

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24
Q

Stain used to visualize flagella

A

Fischer-Conn stain

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25
Q

Stain used to visualize spores

A

Dorner and Schaeffer-Fulton stain

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26
Q

Stain used to visualize capsule of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

A

India ink or nigrosine

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27
Q

Are used to grow microorganisms

A

Media

28
Q

An aqueous solution to which all the necessary nutrients essential for the growth of microorganisms are added

A

Culture medium

29
Q

What are the three primary levels of classification of culture media?

A

(1) Physical state
(2) Chemical composition
(3) Functional type

30
Q

Commonly called broths, milk, or infusions; these are water-based solutions that do not soldify at temperatures above freezing point

A

Liquid media

31
Q

Media that contain specific amounts of nutrients but do not contain gelling agents such as gelatine or agar

A

Liquid media

32
Q

Media that are suited for the propagation of a large number of organisms, fermentation studies, and other tests

A

Liquid media

33
Q

A media that exhibit a clot-like consistency at ordinary room temperature and contain agar at concentrations of 0.5% or less that allows thickening of the media without producing a firm substance

A

Semi-solid media

34
Q

A media that have a consistency similar to custard and are best suited for culture of microaerophilic bacteria or for the study of bacterial motility

A

Semi-solid media

35
Q

A media that contain a solidifying agent such as 1.5%-2% agar, giving them a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies

A

Solid media

36
Q

A media used for isolation of bacteria and fungi or for determining the colony characteristics of the organisms under study

A

Solid media

37
Q

Two forms of solid media

A

(1) liquefiable (or reversible) solid media
(2) non-liquefiable (or irriversible) solid media

38
Q

A media that contain chemically defined substances which are pure organic and/or inorganic. Their precise chemical composition are known which may be simple, complex, depending on what supplement is added to it

A

Synthetic media

39
Q

A type of media that is complex and contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined, which means that neither a simple or pure compound

A

Non-synthetic media

40
Q

A media that is not representable by an exact chemical formula. Most are extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts

A

Non-synthetic media

41
Q

A media that can support the growth of more fastidous organisms

A

Non-synthetic media

42
Q

A media that is designed for primary isolation of a broad spectrum of microbes and contain a mixture of nutrients that support the growth of both pathogenic an non-pathogenic organisms

A

General purpose media

43
Q

A media that contain complex organic substances such as blood, serum, or special growth factors, and are designed to increase the number of desired microorganisms without stimulating the rest of the bacterial population

A

Enrichment media

44
Q

A media used to grow fastidious or nutritionally exacting bacteria

A

Enrichment media

45
Q

What are the two commonly used enrichment media?

A

(1) Blood agar
(2) Chocolate agar

46
Q

A type of nutrient medium that contains general nutrients with 56-100% (by volume) blood added to a blood agar base

A

Blood agar

47
Q

Certain gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins that causes ____ of red blood cells contained in the blood agar

A

Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells)

48
Q

A type of nutrient medium that is used for the culture of fastidious organisms such as Haemophilus sp. where heat is applied to lyse the red blood cells, causing the medium to turn brown

A

Chocolate agar

49
Q

A media that contain one or more substances that encourage the growth of only a specific target microorganism and inhibit the growth of others

A

Selective media

50
Q

A media that is designed to prevent the growth of unwanted contaminating bacteria or commensals so only the targeted bacteria will grow

A

Selective media

51
Q

A media that is usually agar-based solid media that allow isolation of individual bacterial colonies

A

Selective media

52
Q

A type of culture medium that contains the antibiotics trimethroprim, nystatin, vancomycin, and colistin. It is used for the isolation of Neisseria

A

Thayer-Martin agar

53
Q

A type of culture medium that contains 10% NaCl and used for the isolation of Staphylococcus areus

A

Mannitol Salt agar

54
Q

A type of culture medium that promotes the growth of gram-negative bacteria, primarily those belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. It is both selective and differential

A

MacConkey’s agar

55
Q

Using MacConkey’s agar, in order to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria, they used what?

A

Bile salt

56
Q

A type of selective medium that is used to recover Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is made selective by the incorporation of malachite green

A

Löwenstein-Jensen medium

57
Q

A culture medium used for the isolation if fungi

A

Saboraud’s dextrose agar

58
Q

A type of media that allows the growth of several types of microorganisms. These are designed to show visible differences among certain groups of microorganisms

A

Differential media

59
Q

A media that allow the growth of more than one target microorganisms that demonstrate morphologic varations in colony morphology

A

Differential media

60
Q

A media used for clinical specimens that need to be transported to the laboratory immediately after collection

A

Transport media

61
Q

This media prevent the drying of specimen and inhibit the overgrowth of commensals and contaminating organisms

A

Transport media

62
Q

This is added in transport media specimens to neutralize inhibitory factors

A

Charcoal

63
Q

A media used specifically for organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and require reduced oxidation-reduction potential and other nutrients

A

Anaerobic media

64
Q

This media is supplemented with nutrients such as vitamin K and hemin

A

Anaerobic media

65
Q

This media used methylene blue or reazurin as an indicator of the oxidation-reduction potential

A

Anaerobic media

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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