Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are the two general categories of living cells?
(1) Prokaryotes
(2) Eukaryotes
Are organisms that do not possess a true nucleus and a membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes
Are organisms that possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are usually multicellular organisms and include plants, animals, fungi, parasites, and algae
Eukaryotes
Are acellular microorganisms that possesses only DNA or RNA. They are dependent on host cells for their replication and are considered as obligate parasites
Viruses
Smaller in size about 1-2, 2-4 min or less
Prokaryote
Greater in size about 5 min in diameter
Eukaryote
Genetic material (DNA) is usually circular
Prokaryote
Genetic material (DNA) is usually linear
Eukaryote
Cell wall is complex
Prokaryote
Cell wall is simple
Eukaryote
Cell division is through budding or binary fission
Prokaryote
Cell division is through mitosis
Eukaryote
Sexual reproduction is through tranfer of DNA
Prokaryote
Sexual reproduction is through meiosis
Eukaryote
Function as mitochondria and golgi complex in a prokaryotic cell
Mesosome
Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm
Prokaryote
Ribosomes are located in membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplast
Eukaryote
Give similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Contain DNA
Contain ribosomes
Have cell membrane
Contain cytoplasm
What is the outer surface of a virus called?
Capsid
Capsid is composed of repeating sub-units called what?
Capsomeres
True or False
Viruses possess only a single nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, but never both
True
True or False
Viruses possess both nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
False
Viruses rely on the cellular machinery of the host cell for protein and energy production. Hence, they are considered what?
Obligate intracellular parasites
Give the different types of viral shapes
Icosahedral
Helical
Polyhedral
Complex
A special type of viruses that primarily infect bacteria
Bacteriophages
The outer covering of bacteria that is composed mainly of petidoglycan
Cell wall
Bacteria are categorized into:
(1) Gram-negative bacteria with cell wall
(2) Gram-positive bacteria with cell wall
(3) Acid-fast bacteria with lipid-rich cell wall
(4) Bacteria without cell wall
Fungi has an outer surface mainly composed of what?
Chitin
The cell membrane of fungi is made up mostly of what?
Ergosterol
Are representatives for parasites
Protozoa
Protozoa has an outer surface called what?
Pellicle
Protozoa majority exist in two morphologic forms. What are those forms?
Cysts and Trophozoites
A morphologic form of protozoa that is an infective stage
Cyst
A morphologic form of protozoa that is a pathogenic stage
Trophozoite
Algae has an outer surface primarily composed of what?
Cellulose
They are described as plant-like organisms because most of them have chlorophyll and are thus capable of photosynthesis
Algae
They do not produce significant disease in humans, rather they are important source of food, iodine, and other minerals. They may also be used as fertilizers, emulsifiers for puddings, and stabilizers for ice cream and salad dressings
Algae
