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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > Microscope > Flashcards

Microscope Flashcards

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1
Q

An optical instrument that can magnify organisms a hundredfold or even a thousand fold

A

Microscope

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2
Q

In 1595, he invented the compound microscope

A

Hans Jansen

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3
Q

In 1667, he designed a two-lens microscope

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

In 1670, he developed the microscope with single lens

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

In 1774, he constructed the set of color-corrected lenses

A

Benjamin Martin

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6
Q

In 1830, he solved the spherical aberration problem of microscope

A

Jackson Lister

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7
Q

In 1850, he produced a paper on dark-ground illumination

A

Francis Wenham

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8
Q

In 1857, he improved the composite lens of microscope

A

Ernst Abbe

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9
Q

In 1868, he developed the apochromatic system of lenses

A

Carl Zeiss

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10
Q

In 1908, he developed the luminescence microscope

A

August Kohler

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11
Q

In 1932, he invented the phase-contrast microscope

A

Fritz Zernike

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12
Q

In 1969, he invented the confocal scanning optical microscope

A

Davidovits and Egger

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13
Q

A type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens and can magnify objects approximately a thousand times their original size

A

Compound microscope

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14
Q

The main source of illumination of the compound microscopes’ as such, it is also known as the compound light microscope

A

Visible light

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15
Q

Contains ocular lens that has a magnifying power of 10×

A

Eyepiece

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16
Q

Separates the eyepiece lens from the objective lens

A

Head/Body

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17
Q

Holds the low-power and high-power objective lenses; allows the lenses to rotate for viewing

A

Nosepiece

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18
Q

Objective lens that magnifies about 40×

A

High-power objective lens

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19
Q

Objective lens that magnifies about 10×

A

Low-power objective lens

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20
Q

Controls the amount of light passing through the opening of the stage

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

Moves the body tube for focusing with the low-power objective lens

A

Coarse adjustment knob

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22
Q

Moves the body tube for focusing with the high-power objective lens

A

Fine adjustment knob

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23
Q

Supports the body tube

A

Arms

24
Q

Supports the slide being used

A

Stage

25
Q

Holds the slide in place

A

Stage clip

26
Q

Supports the microscope

A

Base

27
Q

A type of microscope that is made up of a series of lenses and utilizing visible light as its main source of illumination; can magnify an object 1,000 to 1500 times

A

Brightfield microscope

28
Q

A microscope used to visualize bacteria and fungi

A

Brightfield microscope

29
Q

Objects less than or thinner than 0.2um cannot be visualized by this type of microscope

A

Brightfield microscope

30
Q

A microscope where the specimen appears dark against a surrounding brighter viewer field

A

Brightfield microscope

31
Q

A microscope that has a very low contrast and most of the cells needs to be stained to be properly viewed

A

Brightfield microscope

32
Q

This microscope utilizes reflected light instead of transmitted light, with a special condenser that has an opaque disc that blocks the light, such that only the specimen is illuminated

A

Darkfield microscope

33
Q

A microscope where the specimen to be studied appears bright against a dark background

A

Darkfield microscope

34
Q

This type of microscope is ideal for studying specimens that are unstained or transparent and absorb little no light

A

Darkfield microscope

35
Q

A microscope that is useful in examining the external details of the specimen such as its outline or surface

A

Darkfield microscope

36
Q

This type of microscope is used to view spirochetes

A

Darkfield microscope

37
Q

A microscope that is based on the principle that differences in refractive indices and light waves passing through transparent objects assume different phases

A

Phase-contrast microscope

38
Q

This type of microscopy was first introduced by Frits Zernike, a Dutch physicist in 1934

A

Phase-contrast microscope

39
Q

This microscope has a contrast-enhancing optical technique in order to produce high-contrast images of specimens that are transparent which include thin tissue slices, living cells in culture, and subcellular particles (such as nuclei and organelles)

A

Phase-contrast microscope

40
Q

This microscope is similar to phase-contrast microscope except that it utilizes two beams of light instead of one and therefore has higher resolution

A

Differential interference contrast microscope

41
Q

A microscope that was developed by Georges Nomarski in 1952 as an improvement to the phase-contrast microscope

A

Differential interference contrast microscope

42
Q

This type of microscope is useful in examining living specimens when biological processes might be inhibited by standard staining procedures

A

Differential interference contrast microscope

43
Q

This microscope makes use of ultraviolet light and fluorescent dyes called fluorochromes

A

Fluorescence microscope

44
Q

A type of microscope where specimen under study fluoresces or appears to shine against a dark background

A

Fluorescence microscope

45
Q

This microscope is based on the principle that certain materials emit energy that is detectable as visual light when they are irradiated with the light of a given wavelength

A

Fluorescence microscope

46
Q

This microscope uses a higher intensity of light source and this in turn excites a fluorescent species where they emit a lower energy light of a longer wavelength which produces the magnified image instead of the original light source

A

Fluorescence microscope

47
Q

This microscope is used to visualize structural components of small specimens such as cells and to detect the viability of cell population

A

Fluorescence microscope

48
Q

This microscope may also be used to visualize the genetic material of the cell (DNA and RNA)

A

Fluorescence microscope

49
Q

Also known as the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). It uses an optical imaging technique technique that increases optical resolution and contrast of the micrograph by using a spatial pin-hole to block out-of-focus sight in image formation

A

Confocal microscope

50
Q

A type of microscope where specimen is stained with fluorescent dye to make it emit or return light. The object is scanned with a laser into planes and regions and is used together with computers to produce a three-dimensional image

A

Confocal microscope

51
Q

This microscope is useful in the study of cell physiology

A

Confocal microscope

52
Q

A microscope that utilizes a beam of electrons to create an image of specimen where electron beams serve as the source of illumination and magnets are used to focus the beam

A

Electron microscope

53
Q

This microscope is used to visualize viruses and subcellular structures of the cell

A

Electron microscope

54
Q

A type of electron microscope where it is its original form. It produces two-dimensional, black and white images, and magnifies objects up to 200,000 times

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

55
Q

A type of electron microscope where it relies on interactions at the surface rather than transmission. It can magnify bulk samples with greater depth of view so that the image produced represents the 3-D structure of the samples, but image is still only black and white

A

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

56
Q

A microscope that was developed in the 1980s by the Swiss scientists Dr. Ger Binnig and Dr. Heinrich Rohrer

A

Scanning probe microscope

57
Q

This type of microscope is used to study the molecular and atomic shapes of organisms on a nanoscale. It can also be used to determine the variations in temperature inside the cell as well as its chemical properties

A

Scanning probe microscope

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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