Microscope Flashcards
An optical instrument that can magnify organisms a hundredfold or even a thousand fold
Microscope
In 1595, he invented the compound microscope
Hans Jansen
In 1667, he designed a two-lens microscope
Robert Hooke
In 1670, he developed the microscope with single lens
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
In 1774, he constructed the set of color-corrected lenses
Benjamin Martin
In 1830, he solved the spherical aberration problem of microscope
Jackson Lister
In 1850, he produced a paper on dark-ground illumination
Francis Wenham
In 1857, he improved the composite lens of microscope
Ernst Abbe
In 1868, he developed the apochromatic system of lenses
Carl Zeiss
In 1908, he developed the luminescence microscope
August Kohler
In 1932, he invented the phase-contrast microscope
Fritz Zernike
In 1969, he invented the confocal scanning optical microscope
Davidovits and Egger
A type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens and can magnify objects approximately a thousand times their original size
Compound microscope
The main source of illumination of the compound microscopes’ as such, it is also known as the compound light microscope
Visible light
Contains ocular lens that has a magnifying power of 10×
Eyepiece
Separates the eyepiece lens from the objective lens
Head/Body
Holds the low-power and high-power objective lenses; allows the lenses to rotate for viewing
Nosepiece
Objective lens that magnifies about 40×
High-power objective lens
Objective lens that magnifies about 10×
Low-power objective lens
Controls the amount of light passing through the opening of the stage
Diaphragm
Moves the body tube for focusing with the low-power objective lens
Coarse adjustment knob
Moves the body tube for focusing with the high-power objective lens
Fine adjustment knob
Supports the body tube
Arms
Supports the slide being used
Stage
Holds the slide in place
Stage clip
Supports the microscope
Base
A type of microscope that is made up of a series of lenses and utilizing visible light as its main source of illumination; can magnify an object 1,000 to 1500 times
Brightfield microscope
A microscope used to visualize bacteria and fungi
Brightfield microscope
Objects less than or thinner than 0.2um cannot be visualized by this type of microscope
Brightfield microscope
A microscope where the specimen appears dark against a surrounding brighter viewer field
Brightfield microscope
A microscope that has a very low contrast and most of the cells needs to be stained to be properly viewed
Brightfield microscope
This microscope utilizes reflected light instead of transmitted light, with a special condenser that has an opaque disc that blocks the light, such that only the specimen is illuminated
Darkfield microscope
A microscope where the specimen to be studied appears bright against a dark background
Darkfield microscope
This type of microscope is ideal for studying specimens that are unstained or transparent and absorb little no light
Darkfield microscope
A microscope that is useful in examining the external details of the specimen such as its outline or surface
Darkfield microscope
This type of microscope is used to view spirochetes
Darkfield microscope
A microscope that is based on the principle that differences in refractive indices and light waves passing through transparent objects assume different phases
Phase-contrast microscope
This type of microscopy was first introduced by Frits Zernike, a Dutch physicist in 1934
Phase-contrast microscope
This microscope has a contrast-enhancing optical technique in order to produce high-contrast images of specimens that are transparent which include thin tissue slices, living cells in culture, and subcellular particles (such as nuclei and organelles)
Phase-contrast microscope
This microscope is similar to phase-contrast microscope except that it utilizes two beams of light instead of one and therefore has higher resolution
Differential interference contrast microscope
A microscope that was developed by Georges Nomarski in 1952 as an improvement to the phase-contrast microscope
Differential interference contrast microscope
This type of microscope is useful in examining living specimens when biological processes might be inhibited by standard staining procedures
Differential interference contrast microscope
This microscope makes use of ultraviolet light and fluorescent dyes called fluorochromes
Fluorescence microscope
A type of microscope where specimen under study fluoresces or appears to shine against a dark background
Fluorescence microscope
This microscope is based on the principle that certain materials emit energy that is detectable as visual light when they are irradiated with the light of a given wavelength
Fluorescence microscope
This microscope uses a higher intensity of light source and this in turn excites a fluorescent species where they emit a lower energy light of a longer wavelength which produces the magnified image instead of the original light source
Fluorescence microscope
This microscope is used to visualize structural components of small specimens such as cells and to detect the viability of cell population
Fluorescence microscope
This microscope may also be used to visualize the genetic material of the cell (DNA and RNA)
Fluorescence microscope
Also known as the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). It uses an optical imaging technique technique that increases optical resolution and contrast of the micrograph by using a spatial pin-hole to block out-of-focus sight in image formation
Confocal microscope
A type of microscope where specimen is stained with fluorescent dye to make it emit or return light. The object is scanned with a laser into planes and regions and is used together with computers to produce a three-dimensional image
Confocal microscope
This microscope is useful in the study of cell physiology
Confocal microscope
A microscope that utilizes a beam of electrons to create an image of specimen where electron beams serve as the source of illumination and magnets are used to focus the beam
Electron microscope
This microscope is used to visualize viruses and subcellular structures of the cell
Electron microscope
A type of electron microscope where it is its original form. It produces two-dimensional, black and white images, and magnifies objects up to 200,000 times
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A type of electron microscope where it relies on interactions at the surface rather than transmission. It can magnify bulk samples with greater depth of view so that the image produced represents the 3-D structure of the samples, but image is still only black and white
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
A microscope that was developed in the 1980s by the Swiss scientists Dr. Ger Binnig and Dr. Heinrich Rohrer
Scanning probe microscope
This type of microscope is used to study the molecular and atomic shapes of organisms on a nanoscale. It can also be used to determine the variations in temperature inside the cell as well as its chemical properties
Scanning probe microscope
