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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY > Bacterial Morphology > Flashcards

Bacterial Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Are prokaryotic, have simpler structures compared to eukaryotic organisms

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Bacteria are classified into three basic shapes namely:

A

(1) Coccus (pl. cocci)
(2) Bacillus (pl. bacilli)
(3) Spiral-shaped or curved

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3
Q

Can be described as spherical or round-shaped organisms

A

Cocci

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4
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is single-celled

A

Coccus

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5
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that occur in pairs

A

Diplococci

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6
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that are group of four cocci

A

Tetrad

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7
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is cube-like shape

A

Sarcina

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8
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is chain-like morphology

A

Streptococci

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9
Q

Spherical or rounded shaped bacteria that is grape-like cluster

A

Staphylococci

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10
Q

What are rod-shaped organisms called?

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

Partly round and rod-shaped bacteria, resembling elongated cocci

A

Coccobacilli

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12
Q

Vibrio cholerae is described as what shape?

A

Comma-shaped

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13
Q

Treponema pallidum is described as what shape?

A

Spiral-shaped

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14
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is described as what shape?

A

Club-shaped

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15
Q

Vibrio cholerae causes what disease?

A

Cholera

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16
Q

Treponema pallidum causes what disease?

A

Syphilis

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17
Q

Fusobacterium is described as what shape?

A

Enlarged rod

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18
Q

Bdellovibrio is described in what form?

A

Comma form

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19
Q

Helicobacter pylori is described in what form?

A

Helical form

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20
Q

Borella burgdorferi is described in what form?

A

Corkscrew form

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21
Q

What bacteria causes cholera?

A

Vibrio cholerae

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22
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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23
Q

What bacteria causes strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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24
Q

What bacteria causes pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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25
Q

What bacteria causes armpits to stink?

A

Micrococcus luteus

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26
Q

What bacteria causes sinus infections and food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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27
Q

What bacteria causes anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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28
Q

What bacteria causes typhoid?

A

Salmonella enterica

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29
Q

What bacteria causes botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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30
Q

What bacteria causes stomach ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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31
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes causes what?

A

Strep throat

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32
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia causes what disease?

A

Pneumonia

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33
Q

Micrococcus luteus causes what?

A

Armpits to stink

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34
Q

Staphylococcus areus causes what?

A

Sinus infections and food poisoning

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35
Q

Bacillus anthracis causes what disease?

A

Anthrax

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36
Q

Salmonella enterica causes what disease?

37
Q

Clostridium botulinum causes what disease?

38
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes what?

A

Stomach ulcers

39
Q

The outermost covering of some bacteria. It is a gelatinous substance that is located external to the cell wall, composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide, or both

A

Glycocalyx

40
Q

What are the two types of glycocalyx?

A

(1) Capsule
(2) Slime layer

41
Q

A type of glycocalyx that is strongly attached to the cell wall

42
Q

A type of glycocalyx that is loosely attached to the cell wall

A

Slime layer

43
Q

Bacterial cell wall is sometimes called what?

A

Murein sacculus

44
Q

Cell wall’s principal component is peptidoglycan, which is also called what?

A

Murein or mucopeptide

45
Q

Provides rigid support and gives shape to the bacteria

46
Q

It protects the bacteria from osmotic damage and plays an important role in cell division

47
Q

Cell wall is multi-layered in what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-positive bacteria

48
Q

Cell wall is single-layered in what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-negative bacteria

49
Q

Comprise major antigens of gram-positive organisms and can elicit antibody response

A

Teichoic acids

50
Q

In some gram-positive bacteria, it function for the attachment of the organism to the host cell

A

Teichoic acids

51
Q

It provide tensile strength to gram-positive bacterial cell walls

A

Teichoic acids

52
Q

Molecules that include neutral and acidic sugars

A

Polysaccharides

53
Q

A bi-layered structure where the inner leaflet is composed of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A

Outer membrane

54
Q

Has a special protein channels that allow the passage of small or low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances such as sugars and amino acids

A

Outer membrane

55
Q

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a complex glycolipid called ____, responsible for its own endotoxin activity

56
Q

Functions to anchor the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan layer and stabilzes the outer membrane

A

Lipoprotein

57
Q

A fluid-filled space between the outer membrane and the inner plasma membrane

A

Periplasmic space

58
Q

It contains enzymes for the breakdown of large non-transportable molecules into transportable ones and enzymes that serve to detoxify and inactivate antibiotics

A

Periplasmic space

59
Q

The cell wall of acid-fast organisms is composed of large amounts of waxes that are known as what?

A

Mycolic acids

60
Q

Are thread-like structures made up of entirely of molecules of the protein sub-unit flagellin

61
Q

They project from the capsule and are organs for motility

62
Q

Bacteria without flagella are called what?

63
Q

Bacteria with single polar flagellum are called what?

A

Monotrichous

64
Q

Bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one end are called what?

A

Lophotrichous

65
Q

Bacteria with flagella at both ends are called what?

A

Amphitrichous

66
Q

Bacteria with flagella all around is called what?

A

Peritrichous

67
Q

These are rigid surface appendages found on many gram-negative bacteria

A

Pili/Fimbriae

68
Q

They also function for motility; are fine and short in comparison with flagella

A

Pili/Fimbriae

69
Q

Pili or fimbriae has a structural protein sub-units called what?

70
Q

They function for adherence to cell surface or attachment to another bacterium during a form of bacterial gene exchange

A

Pili/Fimbriae

71
Q

Also called endoflagella and are found in spirochetes

A

Axial filaments

72
Q

These are composed of bundles of fibrils, the structures of which are similar to flagella

A

Axial filaments

73
Q

They arise from the ends of the bacterial cell and spiral around the cell

A

Axial filaments

74
Q

Located beneath the cell wall

A

Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane

75
Q

It is sometimes called the cell sac because it encloses the cytoplasm of the cell

A

Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane

76
Q

Its main function is a selective permeability barrier that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell

A

Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane

77
Q

It performs many functions, including transport, biosynthesis, and energy transduction

A

Cytoplasmic/Plasma membrane

78
Q

Genetic materials of a bacteria is packaged in a structure called what?

79
Q

Characteristics of bacterial DNA:

A

single
circular
double-stranded

80
Q

Are folded ivaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy

A

Mesosomes or chondrioids

81
Q

Function for protein synthesis

82
Q

Serve as a storage for food and energy for bacteria

A

Granules or inclusion

83
Q

Are structures produced by many bacteria when they are placed in a hostile environment

A

Endospores

84
Q

Endospores are composed of _____ which confers resistance to heat, drying, chemical agents and radiation, making it diffiult to destroy

A

Dipicolinic acid

85
Q

The process of spore production is called ____, and this occurs when the environmental conditions are detrimental to the bacteria

A

Sporulation

86
Q

When environmental conditions become favorable, the endospores revert to their vegetative state through a process called what?

A

Germination

87
Q

True or False

Some gram-negative, but never gram-positive bacteria form spores

88
Q

True or False

Some gram-positive, but never gram-negative bacteria form spores

89
Q

True or False

Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria form spores

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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