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HistoPath Lec > Staining > Flashcards

Staining Flashcards

1
Q

Example of direct staining

A

Methylene blue, Eosin

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2
Q

In direct staining, sections are stained with simple __ or __

A

Aqueous, alcoholic solutions

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3
Q

Indirect staining: M and A

A

Mordant and Accentuator

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4
Q

The bridge for IS

A

Mordant

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5
Q

Accelerator of staining for SI

A

Accentuator

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6
Q

Ex. of mordant

A

K alum (Ehrlich) and Iron (Weiger’s)

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7
Q

Ex. of Accentuator

A

K hydroxide, phenol

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8
Q

Follows a definite sequence

A

Progressive staining

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9
Q

Does not wash or decolorize

A

Progressive staining

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10
Q

Differentiation relies on the selective affinity of dyes

A

Progressive staining

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11
Q

Les favored than regressive

A

Progressive staining

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12
Q

Tissue is first overstained; decolorize

A

Regressive staining

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13
Q

Differentiation/ decolorization selective removal of excess stain

A

Regressive staining

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14
Q

Ex. of Regressive staining

A

Gram stain Acid stain

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15
Q

Forms a soluble salt w/ the metal so that the latter is dissolved out

A

Acid differentiator

ex. HCI; HaC

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16
Q

Oxidizes the dye to a colorless substance

A

Oxidizing Differentiator

Ex. K ferricyanide / K Permanganate

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17
Q

If the primary stain is basic, the decolorizer is aciding, and vice-versa

A

Mordant Differentiator

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18
Q

___ acts a differentiator for both basic and acidic dye

A

Alcohol

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19
Q

Differentiation is also done to restain faded slide

A

Mordant Differentiator

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20
Q

Stains tissue with acolor that is different from that of the stain itself - Metachromasia

A

Metachromatic staining

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21
Q

Metachromatic staining is for

A

cartilage, connective tissue, epithelial mucins, mast cell granuels and Amyloid

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22
Q

Ex of Metachromatic staining

A

Toluidine blue - red purple on mast cell

Cresyl blue - blue green on reticulocytes

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23
Q

Application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background staining

A

Counterstaining

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24
Q

Counterstaining ex.

Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

A

Cytoplasmic: eosin Y, Picric acid, Lissamine Green

Nuclear: Neutral red, hematoxylin, Safranin O

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25
Q

General relationship of tissues and cells

A

Microanatomical staining

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26
Q

Structures found in the cytoplasm and nucleus

A

Cytoplasmic staining

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27
Q

Bacterial morphology

A

Negative staining

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28
Q

Demonstration of tissue elements by the use of metallic salts (colorless solutions)

A

Metallic impregnation

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29
Q

Not absorbed by tissue just like stain; rather held physically on the surfaces as a precipitate as a reduction product in certain tissue components

A

Metallic Impregnation

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30
Q

Selective staining of living cells

A

Vital staining

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31
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Trypan blue

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32
Q

Mitochondria

A

Janus Green

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33
Q

Nucleus is not demonstrated

A

Vital staining

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34
Q

Done by injecting the dye into any part of animal body (intravenous intraperitoneal, subcutanous)

A

Intervital

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35
Q

Ex of intervital

A

Lithium, carmin and india ink

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36
Q

Stains living cells immediately after removing from the living body

A

Supravital

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37
Q

Ex of Supravital

A

Neutral red, Janus green, trypan blue

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38
Q

Two categories of dyes

A

Natural dyes and Synthetic Dyes

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39
Q

Ex of Natural Dyes

A

Hematoxylin, Cocchineal dyes, orcein, Saffron

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40
Q

Ex of synthetic dyes

A

Aniline or Coal Tar dyes

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41
Q

Hematoxylin is derived from

A

Hematoxylin campechianium

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42
Q

Most valuable stain used

A

Hematoxylin

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43
Q

Active coloring agent in hematoxylin, Exposure to: __ or __

A

Hematin; Air/sunlight or oxidizing agents

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44
Q

Alum Hematoylin

A

Progressive staining

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45
Q

Alum hematoxylin is counterstained with?

A

Eosin, Congo Red, Safranin

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46
Q

Iron Heamtoxylin

A

Differentail of regressive staining

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47
Q

Spermatogenisis

A

Copper hematoxylin

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48
Q

For fresh material and smear prep

A

Cochineal Dyes

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49
Q

Cochineal dyes are derived from

A

female coccus cacti

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50
Q

Cochineal dyes are treated w/ __:__

A

Alum: Carmine

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51
Q

Neuropathological Studies

A

CD w/ Picric Acid

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52
Q

Glycogen Demonstration

A

CD w/ Aluminum Chloride

53
Q

For elastic fiber

A

Orcein

54
Q

Orcein is derived from

A

Lichens; vegetable dye

55
Q

Orcein is treated with?

A

Ammonia and exposed to air (blue/violet color)

56
Q

Lime and soda

A

Litmus

57
Q

Used for indicator

A

Orcein

58
Q

Coal tar dyes is derived from

A

Hydrocarbon benzene

59
Q

dye appears in the tissue

A

Chromophores

60
Q

Gives color to the dye

A

Chromogens

61
Q

Retains color; permanent

A

Auxochrome

62
Q

what is the base of acid dye

A

sodium

63
Q

base of basic dye?

A

HCl

64
Q

Neutral dye is __

A

Soluble in alcohol but not in water

65
Q

For regressive staiining

A

Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin

66
Q

Cartilage and cement lines of bones: BLUE

A

Ehrlich’s hematoxylin

67
Q

Staining time of Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin

A

15-40 mins

68
Q

Routine nuclear staining

A

Harris Hematoxylin

69
Q

Exfoliative cytology

A

Harris Hematoxylin

70
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Harris Hematoxylin

71
Q

Staining time or Harris Hematoxylin

A

5-20 minutes

72
Q

Routine pruposes

A

Coles hematoxylin

73
Q

Used in sequence w/ Celestine blue

A

Coles hematoxylin

74
Q

Coles hematoxylin staining time

A

10 mins

75
Q

Mucopolysaccharide

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

76
Q

Nuclear Staining

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

77
Q

Demonstrating muscle fibers and connective tissues

A

Weigert’s Hematoxylin Solutions

78
Q

Recommended when the preceding stains contain acid

A

Weigert’s Hematoxylin Solutions

79
Q

Cytological stain recommended for regeressive staining of thin sections

A

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

80
Q

Demonstration of chromatin, Chromosomes, nucleoli, centrosomes, and mitochondria

A

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

81
Q

Voluntary muscle striations and myelin

A

Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

82
Q

Demonstrates structures in paraffin, celloidin and frozen section

A

Phophotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH)

83
Q

in Phophotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), Collagen, bone, cartilage is colored ___

A

Orange-red or Brownish red to deep brick red stain

84
Q

in Phophotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), Nuclei, fibrin, muscle striations, myofobrils, fibroglia is colored __

A

Blue

85
Q

Phophotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) staiing time __

A

12-24 hrs

86
Q

Staining connective tissue and cytoplasm differentially

A

Eosin

87
Q

Counterstaing after hematoxylin and before methylene blue

A

Eosin

88
Q

Background for constrasting stains

A

Eosin

89
Q

2 Shades of Eosin

A
  1. Bluish (Eosin B) - deeper red color
  2. Yellowish (Eosin Y) - Green yellow flourescence
90
Q

Basic nuclear stain; diagnosis of Diptheria; Fresh sputum; Aerogenes bac

A

Methylene blue

91
Q

MB is heated with fixed alkali/ alkali carbonate

A

Methyl Violet

92
Q

Sub for Thionine if FFT

A

Toluidine blue

93
Q

for nissle granules

A

toluidine blue

94
Q

Amyloid in FFT; platelets

A

Crystal violet

95
Q

Counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

Aniline blue

96
Q

Plasma stain for acid-fast organism

A

Basic Fuchsin

97
Q

Ascaris eggs and erethrocyte; bacterial spore stain.

A

Malachite green

98
Q

both decolorizer and counterstain

A

malachite green

99
Q

Contrast stain for Gran’s staining

A

Bismarck brown

100
Q

Utilized for manufacture of paints

A

Prussian blue

101
Q

Acid mucopolysaccharide

A

Alcian blue

102
Q

Embryos

A

Congo red

103
Q

mitochondria

A

Janus Green

104
Q

Substitute for carbol fuchsin

A

Night blue

105
Q

Phospholipids, neutral lipids

___% solution boiled in ___% what?

A

Sudan Black;

0.5%; 70%

106
Q

Neutral lipids only

___% ___ in ___% Alcohol

A

Sudan IV

2% benzoic acid in 70% alcohol

107
Q

Fat stain for CNS

A

Sudan III

108
Q

Water should always be?

A

Distilled

109
Q

alcohol used are ___ & ___

A

Ethyl Alcohol and Methyl Alcohol

110
Q

Aniline Water – __cc added to every ___ to 1 liter of hot DW

A

10cc; 1/2

111
Q

Phenol - aqueous solution of ___-___%

A

0.5 - 5 %

112
Q

Holds 5-9 slides

A

Coplin Jar

113
Q

Holds 5-19 Slides

A

Slotted staining dishes

114
Q

Holds 10-30 slides

A

Metal/glass staining racks/ carriers

115
Q

Char of a good mounting medium

A
  • Refractive index near of the glass (1.518)
  • Should not dry quickly
  • Should not dissolve out tissue sections
  • Should not cause shrinkage and distortion
    -Should be permanent
116
Q
  • water miscible preparations
A

Aqueous Media

117
Q

RI of glycerin gelly

A

RI: 1.47

118
Q

RI of Gum Arabic (Farrant’s medium)

A

RI: 1.43

119
Q

Apathy’s medium

A

RI: 1.52

120
Q

Preparations that have been dehydrated and cleared in Xylene and Toluene

A

Resinous Media

121
Q

Natural and synthetic resins

A

Resinous media

122
Q

Canada Balsam RI

A

1.524

123
Q

DPX RI

A

1.532

124
Q

Xam RI

A

1.520

125
Q

Permount RI

A

1.518

126
Q

Clarite RI

A

1.544

127
Q

Process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent escapage of fluid

A

Ringing

128
Q

Ex of ringing

A

Kronig Cement

129
Q

Kronig Cement: __ parts of paraffin wax mixed with ___ parts ___

A

2 parts of PW mixed w/ 4-9 parts POWDERED COLOPHONIUM RESIN (heated and filtered)

HistoPath Lec (6 decks)

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