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HistoPath Lec > Dehydration > Flashcards

Dehydration Flashcards

1
Q

Fixation > Decalcification > ___

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

Removal of fixative and water from the tissue

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

Dehydrating time must be ___ as much as possible

A

brief

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4
Q

Tissue to fixative ration is?

A

1:10

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5
Q

Most fixatives are ___ solutions

A

aqueous

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6
Q

Most dehydrating agents are ___ that bring about some shrinkage and extraction of cell components

A

strong organic solvents

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7
Q

To minimuze thrse effects dehydrating agents are used in a graded series for ___, and water is gradually replaced so that violent osmotic changes do no produce distortions

A

graded series for short periods of time

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8
Q

Characteristics of ideal dehydrating solution

A

● Rapid action with minimal tissue shrinkage and
distortion
● Should not evaporate fast
○ If it evaporates the tendency is the water
will be retained. Water will not be included
in the evaporation process
● Able to dehydrate even fatty tissues
○ Fatty tissues contain liquid particles that
are difficult to evaporate
● Should not hardened tissues excessively
● Should not remove stains
○ Dehydrating agent is capable of removing
stains we cannot appreciate the cellular
details of our tissue sample
● Non-toxic and not a fire hazard

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9
Q

But every dehydrating agent is used the amount in each step shoyuld not be less than __ times the volume of the tisse in order o ensure complete penetration of the tissue by the dehydratingb agent

A

10 times

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10
Q

Done in ascending grades to avoid distortion of tissue

A

Alcohol

70% ROH > 90% ROH > 100% ROH

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11
Q

For delicate tissues start at __%

A

30%

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12
Q

For delicate tissues start at 30%:

A

○ for thin and fragile tissues.
○ If it’s exposed to higher concentrations
of alcohol it causes shrinkage,hardening and brittlen

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13
Q

__*C will hasten dehydratiuon rate for urgent exams

A

37*C

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14
Q

To ensure complete dehydration, add at least ___ deep layer of ___ at bottom of container and cover with filter paper

A

1/4, anhydrous Cu2SO4

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15
Q

___ of coper sulfate crystals windicates full saturation of dehydrating fluids with water does alcohol must be change with a fresh solution

A

Bluing

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16
Q

Storage of tissue in ___ alcohol can be
done but not for a long time since it may
interfere with the staining properties of
specimens.

A

70%-80%

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17
Q

best dehydrant because it is fast acting, mixes
with water and many organic solvents, and
penetrates tissues easily

A

Ethanol 78.3*C

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18
Q

not poisonous and not very expensive

A

Ethanol 78.3*C

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19
Q

clear colorless and flammable

A

Ethanol 78.3*C

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20
Q

Toxic
Blood and smear prep

A

Methanol

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21
Q

It is the alcohol recommended for routine dehydration of tissues

A

Ethanol 78.3*C

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22
Q

It is a toxic dehydrating agent

Primarily employedw for blood and tissure films and smearing preperations

A

Methanol

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23
Q

Slow
Plant and animal microtechnique

A

Butyl Alcohol 117.3*C

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24
Q

It is a slow dehydrating agent producing less shrinkage hardening than ethyl alcohol

A

Butyl Alcohol 117.7*C

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25
Q

Recommended for tissues which do not require rapid processing

A

Butyl alcohol 117.7*C

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26
Q

70% ethanol
90% ethanol
100% ethanol
100% ethanol
100% ethanol
100% ethanol

A

70% ethanol - 15 min
90% ethanol - 15 min
100% ethanol - 15 min
100% ethanol - 15 min
100% ethanol - 30 min
100% ethanol - 45 min

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27
Q

fast the hydrant

A

Acetone

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28
Q

Time for acetone

A

30 mins to 2 hrs

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29
Q

Highly flammable, evaporates fast

A

acetone

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30
Q

not recommended for routine dehydration purposes

A

Acetone

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31
Q

Boiling point of acetone

A

56*C

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32
Q

Is a clear colorless fluid that mixes with water ethanol and most organic solvents

A

Acetone

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33
Q

It is more miscible with epoxy resins than alcohol but is highly flammable and requires considerable care in handling

A

Acetone

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34
Q

It is a rapid in actipon but penetrates tissues poorly and causes brittleness and tissues that are placed in acetone for long period of time

A

Acetone

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35
Q

Because of considerable tissue shrinkage produced, it is not recommended for routine dehydration purposes

A

Acetone

36
Q

Diethylene dioxide

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

37
Q

Dehydrating and clearing agent

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

38
Q

Graupner pure dioxane > paraffin

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

39
Q

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

A

Weisenberger’s method

40
Q

Wrapping tissue in gauze bag and
suspended in a bottle containing dioxane
with anhydrous calcium oxide or quicklime

A

Weisenberger’s method

41
Q

Water is displaced from the tissue by
dioxane and intern absorbed by calcium
oxide or quicklime

A

Weisenberger’s method

42
Q

Wesenberger’s method dehydration period ranges from

A

3-24 hours

43
Q

Expensive and extremely dangerous

A

Dioxane 4-cellosolve

44
Q

It is an excellent dehydrating clearing agent and
readily miscible in water, melted paraffin,
alcohol and xylol.

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

45
Q

It produces less tissue shrinkage as
compared to alcohol dehydration

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

46
Q

Tissues can be left in this reagent for long
periods of time without affecting the
consistency or staining properties of the
specimen

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

47
Q

Because dioxane is miscible with both water and
paraffin tissues may be placed directly into the
solution after washing out

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

48
Q

it’s vapor produces a cumulative and
highly toxic action in man; hence it
should not be used routinely

A

Dioxane 4-Cellosolve

49
Q

Tissues which have been treated with
the chromate fixative should be
thoroughly washed in running tap water
prior to treatment with dioxin in order to
remove the chromate.

A

Weisenberger’s method

50
Q

Weisenberger’s method example:

A

Regaud’s or Moller’s fluid

51
Q

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether

A

Cellosolve

52
Q

Rapid prolonged storage does not cause distortion to tissues

A

Cellosolve

53
Q

Toxic inhalation, skin irritant, and combustible at __ to __ F

A

110 to 120F

54
Q

Alternative of cellosolve:

A

proylene glycol ethers

55
Q

This dehydrates rapidly

A

Cellosolve

56
Q

Tissue may be transferred from water or normal
saline directly to cellosolve and stored in it for
months without producing hardening or
distortion

A

Cellosolve

57
Q

Soluble in alcohol water after beans in chloroform
acetone and xylene

A

Triethyl Phosphate

58
Q

Produces minimum shrinkage

A

Triethyl Phosphate

59
Q

Not commonly available in the market

A

Triethyl phosphate

60
Q

● Dehydrant and clearing agent
● Dissolves fats
● Staining procedures or improved
● Eye and skin irritant (conjunctival irritation)

A

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

61
Q

It is a reagent that both dehydrates and clears
tissues

A

Tetrahydrofuran

62
Q

Since it is miscible in both water and paraffin it
can dissolve many substances including fats
and is in self miscible with lower alcohols
after chloroform acetone benzene and xylene

A

Tetrahydrofuran

63
Q

It may be used for demixing, clearing, and
dehydrating paraffin sections before and
after staining

A

Tetrahydrofuran

64
Q

it causes less shrinkage and easier cutting at
sections with fewer artifacts

A

Tetrahydrofuran

65
Q

It does not dissolve out aniline dyes, in fact
most staining procedures give improved results
with tetrahydrofuran

A

Tetrahydrofuran

66
Q

Additives to dehydrating agents

A
  1. 4% Phenol
  2. Glycerol/alcohol mixture
67
Q

dehydrating solvent

A

Ethanol

68
Q

Transition fluid

A

Propylene oxide

69
Q

solubilizes lipids

A

Ethanol

70
Q

completely miscible with embedding
resins and because of it’s low viscosity,
it can infiltrate tissues readily and
reduced the viscosity of embedding
resin mixtures

A

PROPYLENE OXIDE

71
Q

a good substitute for propylene oxide

A

Acetonitrile

72
Q

it is reported to be non-carcinogenic less toxic
and not as flammable as propylene oxide

A

Acetonitrile

73
Q

polymerization and the resulting cured resins
have excellent cutting quality and beam
stability

A

Acetonitrile

74
Q

an excellent dehydrating agent whose use does
not necessitate modification of current
techniques

A

Acetonitrile

75
Q

low solubility of phospholipids ⇒ limits the
loss of membrane lipids ⇒ a better
preservation of tissue features.

A

Acetonitrile

76
Q

it is also used as a dehydrating agent for cells
prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy

A

Acetonitrile

77
Q

solutions utilized to make
dehydration possible

A

Dehydrating agents

78
Q

magpino-pino/ puro

A

Maceration

79
Q

Universal solvent

A

Tertiary butanol 82.7 *C

80
Q

May be used in staining series as a dehydrating agent

A

Tertiary butanol 82.7*C

81
Q

Excellent substitute for ethanol

A

Isopropanol 82.3*C

82
Q

Less shringkage and hardening than ethanol

A

Isopropanol 82.3*C

83
Q

No government restrictions

A

Isopropanol 82.3*C

84
Q

Sufficiently water-free to use in place of absolute ethanol

A

Isopropanol 82.3*C

85
Q

Lillie considers it the best all around substitute fore ethyl alcohol

A

Isopropanol 82.3*C

86
Q

Miscible with 90% alcohol, toluene and xylene

A

Pentanol 128*C

87
Q

Dissolves paraffin wax

A

Pentanol 128*C

HistoPath Lec (6 decks)

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