Stages of learning Flashcards
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive, associative and autonomous
What is the cognitive stage of learning?
The first stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub-routines are explored by trail and error
What is the associative stage of learning?
The second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother (where you learn the skill)
What is the autonomous stage of learning?
The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific
What are the characteristics of the cognitive stage of learning?
Trying to understand the demands of task
Putting together a mental model (pre-practice stage)
Full attention given to skill (watch ball when dribbling)
Try skill using combination:
Mental Picture give and
Existing skill / knowledge
Movements are slow and uncoordinated
Motor programmes are not developed
Use of trial and error
What does the coach need to provide for someone in the cognitive stage of learning?
Mental image Use demonstrations Guidance Key Word Cues Little practice if any occurs – learner processes information to be as close to model as possible
What kind of feedback should be given to someone in the cognitive stage of learning?
After performance –Terminal
Clear, simple, limited
Extrinsic
What are the characteristics of the associative stage of learning?
Stays longer than cognitive stage
Success increase – fewer gross errors
Rapid improvement
Skills are smoother, accurate, timed, efficient
Consolidate correct / nearly correct movement
Practise, practise, practise
Associate the performance with the result
Compare and model performance against top performer
What does the coach need to provide in terms of guidance for someone in the associative stage of learning?
Should practice under wide variety of situations
Introduce defender or extra attacker
Increase pressure / reduce time
What kind of feedback does someone in the associative stage of learning get?
Begins to use intrinsic or kinaesthetic
Compares performance to mental model
Identify more detailed / complex cues
What are the characteristics of the autonomous stage of learning?
Skill improves at a slower rate High levels of skill Smooth, efficient, accurate, performed without stress No conscious thought of skill being performed Better selective attention Focus on tactics / situational problems Used by experts Able to concentrate on detail
What can the coach need to provide in terms of guidance for someone in the autonomous stage of learning?
Fine attention to detail
Technique / tactics / performance
Self evaluation / mental practice / Self motivation
What kind of feedback does someone in the autonomous stage of learning get?
Performer can analyse and adjust own performance
Intrinsic
