Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Level PE > Learning Theories > Flashcards

Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What is schema?

A

All of the information needed to make a movement decision. It is stored in the brain as a long-term memory. ​This states that we store a generalised series of movement patterns.​ These patterns are adapted to the current environment and situation.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two categories of schema?

A

Recall and Recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of recall schema?

A

To initiate movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of recognition schema?

A

To control movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four parts of schema?

A

Initial conditions, response specification, sensory consequence and response outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can the coach do to improve schema?

A

Vary practice, vary the ball type, basic to complex, feedback, praise, range of practice, make sure practice is transferable to game

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Behaviourism: Operant Conditioning?

A

A learning bond is a link that connects the stimulus with the response (S-R bond)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does operant conditioning work?

A

The bond is strengthened by reinforcement​. Stimulus – Response (S-R theory)​ .We become conditioned to give a particular response to a particular stimulus​. We learn to respond to certain things in certain ways​.
Stronger the link – more likely the response​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four ways of reinforcing the s-r bond?

A

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and trial and error.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does positive reinforcement work?

A
  • Reward correct response​
  • Extrinsic​
  • Success = intrinsic reward as well​
  • Motivation is created to repeat Response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does negative reinforcement work?

A

The coach saying nothing when a correct action is shown​. This must follow a period of criticism about an incorrect performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does punishment work?

A

Seeks to break the S-R bond​

Giving a punishment to the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does trial and error work?

A

Coach gives a demonstration and the performer copies until they get it right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can the coach do to increase the s-r bond?

A

Shape behaviour by manipulating the environment-Use target areas or feeders​
Rewards / praise, Negative reinforcement, Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is social learning/observational theory?

A

The watching of others to help gain or improve a skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must the coach do to ensure the demonstration works?

A

It is relevant to learner​
The accuracy of demonstration​
Status of role model is high​
Point of observation is varied and clear

17
Q

What is required for an effective demonstration?

A 
Attributes and characteristics of model​
Physical and Psychological readiness of learner​
Motivation of learner to attend model​
Relevant​
Consistent​
Powerful visually and physically​
Reinforced
18
Q

What are the four factors of social learning theory?

A

Attention, retention, motor production and motivation

19
Q

Define attention

A

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer

20
Q

Define retention

A

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it​

21
Q

Define motor production

A

Having the mental and physical ability to do the task

22
Q

Define motivation

A

Having the drive to do the task

23
Q

What are the learner and coach doing for attention factor of social learning theory?

A

The learner must focus attention on the model

The coach can highlight the key areas of the skill

24
Q

What are the learner and coach doing for the retention factor of social learning theory?

A

The learner must remember the image

The coach should give a clear, correct image so that it can be remembered.

25
Q

What are the learner and coach doing for the motor production factor of social learning theory?

A

The learner must have the necessary ability and skill to replicate the demonstration
The coach should make sure the performer is physically capable of performing the skill

26
Q

What are the learner and coach doing for the motivation factor of social learning theory?

A

The learner must have the determination to learn

The coach can reward or praise the performer to create the drive to learn​

27
Q

What can the coach do to help social learning?

A

Perfect / accurate demonstration;​
Frequent practices / rehearsals / over-learning;​
Minimal delay between demonstration and practice;​
Highlight cues / verbal repetition of key learning points;​
Emphasise need to feel correct movements / attend to kinaesthesis;​
Use of imagery / mental practice / rehearsal;​
Transfer from previously learned skill;​
Fun / enjoyable / relevant / realistic / interesting;​
Demonstration by role model / significant other / similar age / ability;​
Audience can see / hear;​
(With complex skill) – use different angles / slo-mo / video / repeat demonstration.

28
Q

What is cognitive insight theory?

A

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill

29
Q

What are the key points to cognitive insight theory?

A

Skills should be taught in their entirety rather than being broken-down down into subroutines​
By using the whole learning, the performer gains greater understanding of the skill and develops kinaesthesis of the whole skill​
Performers should think about what is required and consider intervening variables (problems that can hinder performance)​
Performers should use memory or insight of similar situations to help them grasp the task, and use previous experience to help with the current task​
Performers should use perception to make a judgement and interpret the information available​
Coach questions performer about why they’re performing in a particular way.​
Experiences the ‘whole’ activity rather than skills in isolation.

30
Q

What are the benefits of cognitive insight theory?

A

Allows learners to develop their own strategies and / or routes of understanding;​
Better for the performer rather than being told what to do all the time​
Performer able to adjust movements as required;​
Improves motivation.​
Understanding the process to achieve the result / why / reasons you do things.

31
Q

What can the coach do to help insight learning?

A

Coach questions performer about why they’re performing in a particular way.​
Experiences the ‘whole’ activity rather than skills in isolation.​
Whole = key word.​
Allows learners to develop their own strategies and / or routes of understanding;​
Better for the performer rather than being told what to do all the time;​
Must follow from the correct insight learning theory.​
Performer able to adjust movements as required;​
Improves motivation.

32
Q

What is Vygotsky’s constructivism: social development theory?

A

learning by associating with others

33
Q

What is the base theory ofVygotsky’s constructivism: social development theory?

A

Using a MKO = ‘more knowledgeable other’​
To build​
Work with others to develop skills:​
Learn from them and add to your skill set​
Self assess level working at and how to move to next level

34
Q

What is intra-psychological learning?

A

Learning from others externally, learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge​
Learning from a coach

35
Q

What do learners get from a more knowledgeable other?

A

Advice, feedback and tactical knowledge

36
Q

What is Intra-psychological learning?

A

The process of internal analysis following MKO advice

37
Q

What are Vygotsky’s s three stages to learning?

A

What can I do alone?​
What can I do with help?​
What can I not do yet?

A Level PE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions