Information processing and decision making Flashcards
What is information processing?
Taking account of the sporting environment to make decisions prior to a response, The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised
What are the four stages of information processing?
Input, decision making, output and feedback
What is input?
Performer uses senses to pick up information from the sporting environment (display)
What are our five senses?
Visual, auditory, kinaesthesis, touch and balance
What is decision making?
Performer needs to use all the information gathered by the senses to make a decision.
Which senses contribute towards our proprioceptors?
Balance, kinaesthesis and touch
What is selective attention?
Filtering of relevant information from irrelevant information
The process of picking out and focusing on those parts of the display that are relevant to our performance.
Stimuli: The important and relevant items of information from the display such as the flight of the ball
What is required to develop selective attention?
Experience of the situation and the stimulus
Ability
Anticipation
Video analysis = Increase ability to pick cues
Learn to focus and concentrate on the relevant stimuli
Intensity of the stimulus (bright, loud, fast), train with a bright pink ball, focusing on the important stimuli
Improved motivation
Mental rehearsal
What are the benefits of selective attention?
Improved reaction time
Correct decision making
Speeds up decision making
Focuses concentration
Improves efficiency of decision making
Prevents short term memory overload
What are the three aspects involved in the perceptual stage of information processing?
DCR
Detection: means that the performer has picked up the relevant information and identified it as important, using the senses and selective attention
Comparison: Matching the information identified to previously stored models in the long term memory
Recognition: Means the performer has used the information from the memory to identify an appropriate response.
What is the perceptual mechanism?
The process of coding and interpreting sensory information
Detection
Selective attention
The player detects the host of information picked up by the receptors and ensures it is filtered into relevant and irrelevant information by the process of selective attention.
What is the translatory mechanism?
Adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made’
Helps convert information so that decisions can be made
Information from senses, once filtered, is adapted into an image that can be sent to the memory for comparison
Similar experiences (motor programmes) are recognised and used
What is the effector mechanism?
The network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles from the decisions made during the perceptual process to the muscles so that those muscles can perform the action.
The muscles receive the information in the form of coded impulses and once this impulse is received, then the muscles will contract and the response can begin
What are the magic 9 steps of whitings model?
The environment, display, receptor systems, perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanism, muscles system, output data and feedback
What is the short term sensory store?
Large capacity temporary store for all incoming sensory information.
All information coming in from the environment can be stored in the STSS.
The information lasts in the STSS for half a second or less.
This the first ‘compartment’ of memory
Selective Attention takes place in the STSS
If the information is considered useful it is encoded.
