Stages of Anaesthesia Flashcards
How many stages of Anaesthesia are there?
4
What does stage 1 run from and to
Voluntary excitment
from induction to loss of consciousness
What does stage 1 cause (name 4 most common and 1 potential sign)
- increased pulse
- Increased resp
- Dilated pupils
- Skeletal muscle tone increased (hyper reflexia)
Potential: vocalising, salivation, urination/defecation
What does stage 2 run from and to
Involuntary excitement Unconsciousness to rhythmic breathing
What does stage 2 commonly cause (name 4)
- cranial reflexes present
- eyes wide open
- pupils dilated
- eyes rotate ventromedial
- withdrawl reflex brisk
- breathing irregular, becoming regular
What in stage 2 can ensure smooth induction and rapid passing into stage 3?
Good premedication regime
Appropriate dose and use of induction agent
How many planes are in stage 3?
3
What is stage 3 ?
Surgical anaesthesia
What does plan 1 of stage 3 cause (name 5)
- breathing regular and deep
- limb movement absent
- pinch reflex brisk
- Nystagmus
- Eye ventromedial
- |Third eye partly across
- Slower palpebral reflex
- Brisk corneal reflex
- Slight cardiovascular depression
What can you perform during plane 1 of stage 3?
- Stitch ups
- Lance abscess
- Skin mass removal
What does plane 2 or stage 3 cause? (name 5)
- Eye is ventromedial
- Palpebral reflex is sluggish then stops
- Corneal reflex persists
- Pupils are constricted
- Muscles are relaxed
- Pedal reflex is sluggish then lost
- Tidal volume is reduced
- HR and BP reduced slightly
- Adequate for most procedures
What does plane 3 of stage 3 cause? (name 5)
- Eye is central
- Eyelids are open
- Pupil size increases
- Resp rate is reduced
- Tidal volume is reduced
- Pedal reflex is lost
- HR and BP is reduced
- Adequate for all procedures
What is stage 4?
Overdose!
Name 4 things stage for causes?
- Progressive respiratory failure (diaphragmatic function only)
- Pulse either very high or low
- Eye central with eyelids open
- Pupil dilated
- Cornea dry (reflex absent)
- MM cyanosis to grey
- CRT increased
How do you avoid stage 4 Overdose? (name 3 things)
- adequate pre-anaesthetic assessment
- Appropriate pre-med including dosage
- Appropriate use of induction and maintenance drugs
- Adequate and informed monitoring (use of monitoring equipment)
- Team effort
