Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Nursing Anaesthesia and Analgesia > Inhalational Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Inhalational Anaesthetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

How are inhaled anaesthetics transported?

A

in carrier gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 types of inhaled anaesthetics

A
  • Halothane
  • Isoflurane (MUST KNOW)
  • Sevoflurane (MUST KNOW)
  • Desflurane
  • Enflurane
  • Methoxyflurane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are these inhaled anaesthestics known as

A

Volatile anaesthetic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the level of agent determined

A

by dial up vaporiser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do all inhaled anaesthetics cause some degree of

A
  • respiratory depression

- cardiovascular depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do inhaled anaesthetics provide analgesia?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two most commonly used inhaled anaesthetics

A

Isoflurane and Sevoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the two carrier gasses?

A

Oxygen, Nitrous oxide, Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cylinder is oxygen kept in?

A

Black cylinders with white shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 uses of oxygen

A
  • 100% given to animals with anaemia, pulmonary pathology, hypoventilation, animals recovering from N2O anaesthesia/ supplied during recovery if needed
  • Used operatively routinely
  • Used pre-operatively if you think intubation will be difficult e.g. brachycephalics
  • Post operatively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a benefit of oxygen?

A
  • Does not depress ventilation
  • Does not cause toxic nervous changes
  • Does not cause toxic pulmonary changes
  • Can be combined with nitrous oxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is nitrous oxide delivered?

A

from compressed air tanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is nitrous oxide combined with

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of concentration will provide analgesic effects?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What % is nitrous oxide usually delivered at?

A

66% (33% oxygen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen in non-rebreathing circuits?

A

2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen in rebreathing circuits?

A

1:1

18
Q

Why can the use of nitrous oxide cause the anaesthetic sparing effect

A

if delivered at 66% then lowers need for high volatile agent levels

19
Q

With what inhaled anaesthetic does nitrous oxide have a second gas effect?

A

Halothane

20
Q

What cylinders do N2O come in?

A

Blue

21
Q

What must you do once N20 is switched off?

A

oxygenate patient

22
Q

Name 3 negatives with nitrous oxide?

A
  • not to use more than 80% (will lower oxygen below normal levels and patient will go hypoxic)
  • Hypoxia
  • N20 diffuses into gas-filled spaces and accumulates
  • Do not use in bowel obstruction
  • Do not use in middle ear disease
  • Delivering nitrous oxide with pneumothorax can double the size of the pneumothorax in 10 minutes
23
Q

When might hypoxia occur? And how do you avoid it

A

if animal is breathing room air - as room air contains high levels of nitrogen
Avoid it by giving al patients 5-10 minutes of pure oxygen once N2O is switched off

24
Q

What piece of equipment should you use if concerned about hypoxia?

A

Pulse oximeter

25
Q

What cylinder is carbon dioxide in?

A

grey

26
Q

When is co2 used?

A

if patient is hypo-capnic

27
Q

At what level is co2 used?

A

4%

28
Q

Name 3 advantages of inhalational anaesthetics over injectable anaesthetics?

A
  • depth of anaesthesia readily altered
  • Concentration of anaesthetic in blood or brain may be altered rapidly by changing vaporiser setting
  • Elimination of inhaled agents occurs mainly via the lungs therefore advantage of liver/kidney patient
  • Allows constant delivery of oxygen alongside agent
  • Most patients are intubated therefore IPPV may be performed and anaesthetic is ‘safe’
  • Delivered to the lungs and then goes very quickly across the blood brain barrier to the brain and into the CNS
29
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of using inhaled anaesthesia over injectable anaesthesia?

A
  • need for anaesthetic machine and range of equipment (costly)
  • Hazards, personnel risk, explosion risk
  • Knowledge required of circuits and machine
  • Induction and recover possibly delyaed due to lung pathology (not great induction agents)
  • Only alternative is IV total anaesthesia
30
Q

What is MAC

A

minimum alveolar concentration = measure of the anaesthetic potency

31
Q

How is MAC measured

A

it is the quantity of anaesthetic required to immobilize 50% of patients

32
Q

Are MAC’s with a lower or higher number more potent?

A

lower MAC numbers are stronger and more potent

33
Q

What is blood gas solubility?

A

how soluble the gas is into the blood which then gets soaked up by blood and forms a reservoir in plasma - making it more difficult to pass through alveoli and pass the blood brain barrier

34
Q

Are more soluble or less blood gas soluble agents better? And why?

A

Low, they tend to have a more rapid induction and recovery

35
Q

Name an inhalational anaesthetic with low blood gas solubility

A

Sevoflurane

36
Q

Name an inhalation anaesthetic with high blood gas solubility

A

Halothane

37
Q

Which is more soluble: isoflurane or sevoflurane?

A

Isoflurane

38
Q

Which popular inhalational anaesthetic has a pungent smell?

A

Isoflurane

39
Q

Name 3 benefits of Isoflurane?

A
  • relatively fast induction and recovery in comparison to Halothane
  • Good muscle relaxation
  • Fast recovery
  • Does not sensitise the heart to arrhythmias
  • Dose dependent
  • Licensed for variety of species
  • Greater safety margin than Halothane
40
Q

Name 3 negatives with Isoflurane?

A
  • Not as fast induction or recovery as Sevoflurane
  • Transient excitability especially following painful surgery
  • Hypotension can occur due to CVS depression
  • Potent respiratory depressant
  • Poorly tolerated for mask induction due to smell
  • Not good analgesic on its own
41
Q

Name 4 characteristics of Sevoflurane

A
  • Rapid induction and recovery in comparison to Isoflurane
  • Lower blood gas solubility than Iso
  • Odourless / pleasant non-irritant odour
  • Unstable in presence soda lime
  • More expensive than Iso
  • Can be used for mask induction
  • Non-irritant to airways
  • Can be used on exotics
42
Q

What happens when Sevoflurane is in the presence of soda lime

A
  • Unstable
  • Degrades producing toxic metabolites (compound A which is proven to produce renal pathology in rats though not reported in small animals)

Veterinary Nursing Anaesthesia and Analgesia (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions