Monitoring Anaesthesia

Question 1

Why is monitoring anaesthesia important?

Answer 1

• Ensure appropriate depth of anaesthesia is given for the procedure

Question 2

What 3 systems are prioritised when monitoring a patient?

Answer 2

• Cardio-vascular
• Central nervous
• Respiratory

Question 3

What is the normal HR for dogs and cats?

Answer 3

• Dog = 70-140

- Cat - 100-200

Question 4

What superficial arteries would you palpate? Name 2

Answer 4

• Femoral
• Sublingual
• Nasal
• Ulnar
• Palmar meta-carpal

Question 5

When palapating the apex beat you realise the pulse is low. What is this commonly a sign of?

Answer 5

• Hypotension

Question 6

What do stethoscopes help you monitor? (heart)

Answer 6

• Rhythm
• Rate
• Valve function
• Contractiblity

Question 7

What is the best kind of stethoscope to use when monitoring a patients heart?

Answer 7

• oesophageal stethoscope

Question 8

Name 2 methods of indirectly measure blood pressure/ pulse quality

Answer 8

• palpation
• oscillo-tonometry (pneumatic cuff)
• Ultrasonic (doppler)

Question 9

Name a direct method of measuring blood pressure/pulse quality

Answer 9

transducer via intra-arterial catheter

Question 10

What is the normal CRT and name a reason why it may be delayed

Answer 10

normal = <2 seconds

Delayed - hypotension or vasoconstriction

Question 11

What are bright pink mucous membranes a sign of?

Answer 11

Hypercapnia

Question 12

What are white mucous membranes a sign of?

Answer 12

Hypotension / blood loss

Question 13

What are blue mucous membranes a sign of?

Answer 13

Cyanosis

Question 14

How is haemoglobin saturation measured?

Answer 14

Pulse oximetery

Question 15

How does pulse oximetry work?

Answer 15

• Red and infrared light beams used to detect presence of oxygenated arterial blood
  Also measures pulse rate

Question 16

How is perfusion monitored ? Name 2 methods

Answer 16

• Pulse pressure
• CRT
• Pulse oximetry
• Temperature (extremities in comparison to core)
• Urine output (if >1ml/kg/hr then perfusion is adequate)

Question 17

How can looking at the surgical sight signify good perfusion or bad perfusion

Answer 17

Good perfusion = red blood oozing at site

Poor perfusion = dark oozing blood

Question 18

What 3 things impact the depth of anaesthesia required?

Answer 18

• Procedure
• Activity during surgery
• Skin experience

Question 19

How do you check a patients CNS activity

Answer 19

• Reflexes (cranial Nerve)

Question 20

name 3 cranial nerve reflexes you should tests?

Answer 20

• Palpebral
• jaw tone
• Tongue curl
• Eye position
• Pupil diameter
• Corneal reflex
• Salivation (profuse in inadequate anaesthesia)
• Lacrimation (dry in deep anaesthesia)

Question 21

What is the normal resp rate for cats and dogs?

Answer 21

Dog - 10-30

Cat - 20-30

Question 22

What is the anaethetised resp rate for cats and dogs?

Answer 22

• Cat - 20-30

- Dog - 8-30

Question 23

What impacts resp rate during anaesthesia? (3 things)

Answer 23

• Depth of anesthesia
• Surgical stimulation
• Drugs used

Question 24

What drug causes apnoea

Answer 24

Propofol

Question 25

What autonomic responses are expected to react during procedures?

Answer 25

• Heart rate
• blood pressure
• Pupil diameter
• CRT
• Skeletal muscle tone and response to toe pinching

Question 26

How do monitor respiratory rate? (name 2)

Answer 26

• wrights respirometer
• Pulse oximeter
• AP alert
• Capnography
• Ausculation, counting, watching bag

Question 27

How do you measure temperature in a patient

Answer 27

rectal thermometer