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Meteorology > Stability And Cloud Formation > Flashcards

Stability And Cloud Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the verticle movement of air called?

A

Convection.

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2
Q

Whats the horizontal movement of air called?

A

Advection.

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3
Q

What altitude is the friction layer?

A

3000ft

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4
Q

What is orographic lift?

A

Air moving up a mountain.

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5
Q

When air passes over a mountain, if the altitude of the air sinks back, what is the atmospheric stability?

A

Stable.

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6
Q

When air passes over a mountain, if the altitude of the air stays flat, what is the atmospheric stability?

A

Neutral

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7
Q

When air passes over a mountain, if the altitude of the air continues to rise, what is the atmospheric stability?

A

Unstable.

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8
Q

Whats used to measure the lapse rate?

A

Radiosonde.

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9
Q

What is adiabatic cooling?

A

Air rising and then expanding.

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10
Q

What is adiabatic warming?

A

Air sinks and compresses.

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11
Q

Provided water vapour does not condense when it rises, the parcel of air cools at x degrees / 1000ft.

A

3

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12
Q

Provided water vapour does not condense when it rises, the parcel of air cools at x degrees / 100m.

A

1

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13
Q

What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate in feet and metres?

A

3’/1000ft - 1’/100

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14
Q

What is the saturated adiabatic lapse rate for 1000ft?

A

1.8’

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15
Q

What is the saturated adiabatic lapse rate for 100m.

A

0.6.

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16
Q

Why does a saturated adiabatic lapse rate vary with height?

A

Latent heat released due to change of state.

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17
Q

Whats is the environmental lapse rate per 1000ft?

A

1 degree

18
Q

Absolutely stable atmosphere - air (does/does not) rise buoyantly?

A

Does not.

19
Q

In a blank blank atmosphere, air rises buoyantly.

A

Absolutely unstable.

20
Q

What happens to air in an absolutely unstable air?

A

It rises and forms a cloud.

21
Q

Any thing below the dew point is deemed at what lapse rate?

A

Dry.

22
Q

What stability is turbulence is likely?

A

Absolute instability.

23
Q

What cloud types would you see in absolute instability?

A

Cumulus, towering cumulus, cumulonimbus,

24
Q

What is conditional instability?

A

ELR is in between DALR and SALR

25
Q

In a conditionally unstable atmosphere, blank air does not rise buoyantly.

A

Unsaturated.

26
Q

In a conditionally unstable atmosphere, blank air does rise buoyantly.

A

Saturated.

27
Q

If air is cooled from below, what is the stability?

A

Stable.

28
Q

If air is warmed from below, what happens to the stability?

A

Unstable.

29
Q

How do you get rid of cloud?

A

Adiabatic warming (subsidence) -solar radiation

30
Q

ELR less than 1.8°C/1000ft air will be
absolutely blank, dry or saturated.

A

Stable.

31
Q

ELR more than 3°C/1000ft air will be
absolutely blank, dry or saturated

A

Unstable.

32
Q

ELR between 3°C/1000ft and
1.8°C/1000ft, air will be blank blank.
–Unstable if saturated
–Stable if dry

A

Conditional instability.

33
Q

What are the standards for a DALR?

A

Fluffy cloud - fat water droplets - flat line on altitude tempurature graph

34
Q

What are the standards for SALR?

A

Stable - smooth - stratus - small water droplets - steep line on a alt temp graph

35
Q

When two humid, but yet unsaturated air masses with different temperatures mix, the result can be…

A

Cloud formation.

36
Q

In winter, after breaking through a low level inversion during descent and assuming the pilot does not intervene, what will happen to visibility?

A

Decrease.

37
Q

In winter, after breaking through a low level inversion during descent and assuming the pilot does not intervene, what will happen to thrust?

A

Increase.

38
Q

A surface based inversion is a characteristic of nocternal blank on blank nights

A

Radiation clear

39
Q

Lower layers of air are heated by x, which means transferring heat by molecular interactions between ground and air.

A

Conduction

40
Q

How could a flight crew visually identify that a tropical squall line is about to pass over their destination aerodrome, and what hazard should they expect to encounter on the approach?

A

Roll cloud

41
Q

What are the primary factors driving heat transfer from the ground to the lower levels of the atmosphere?

A

Conduction and turbulence

42
Q

A moist, stable layer of air is forced to rise against a mountain range and the stability does not change. Which of the following phenomena may develop?

A

Stratiform clouds.

Meteorology (23 decks)

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