SSII Final (Ch 16)

Question 1

what are the two motor neurons?

Answer 1

upper and lower motor neurons

Question 2

where are upper motor neurons?

Answer 2

extend from the brain stem to the spinal cord

Question 3

where are lower motor neurons?

Answer 3

pass via cranial or spinal nerves to NMJ to innervate skeletal muscles

Question 4

how many sensory nerves are there?

Answer 4

three

Question 5

what are the sensory nerve order?

Answer 5

first order neuron
second order neuron
third order neuron

Question 6

what does the second order neuron do?

Answer 6

conduct ascending impulses from the brain stem/spinal cord to thalamus on opposite side of the brain (decussation)

Question 7

what do third order neurons do?

Answer 7

conduct ascending impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex on the same side

Question 8

what provides information about the external environment (ex: hearing, vision, smell, touch)

Answer 8

exteroceptors

Question 9

what monitors the internal environment?

Answer 9

interoceptors

Question 10

what provides information about body position, muscle tension, length, and position and joint movements?

Answer 10

proprioceptors

Question 11

what senses mechanical stimuli (deformation, stretching)?

Answer 11

mechanoreceptors

Question 12

what detects change in temperature?

Answer 12

thermoreceptors

Question 13

what responds to painful stimuli?

Answer 13

nociceptors

Question 14

what detects light on the retina?

Answer 14

photoreceptors

Question 15

what detects chemicals in the mouth, nose, and body fluids?

Answer 15

chemoreceptors

Question 16

what detects osmotic pressure of body fluids?

Answer 16

osmoreceptors

Question 17

what are the touch receptor types?

Answer 17

meissner corpuscles (corpuscles of touch)
merkel discs (type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors)
hair root plexuses
ruffini corpuscles (type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors)
Pacinian

Question 18

what detects the onset of touch?

Answer 18

meissner corpuscles (corpuscles of touch)

Question 19

what senses light touch and is fast adapting?

Answer 19

hair root plexuses

Question 20

what senses light touch, is slow adapting, and is continuous touch?

Answer 20

merkel discs (type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors)

Question 21

what is sensitive to crude touch and stretching?

Answer 21

ruffini corpuscles (type II cutaneous mechanorceptors)

Question 22

what monitors change in muscle length and forces a muscle to contract?

Answer 22

muscle spindles

Question 23

what is responsible for the stretch reflex?

Answer 23

muscle spindles

Question 24

what monitors tension?

Answer 24

golgi tendon organs

Question 25

what is responsible for the tendon reflex?

Answer 25

golgi tendon organs

Question 26

what monitors joint position and joint movement?

Answer 26

joint kinesthetic receptors

Question 27

what conducts ascending impulses from the brain stem or spinal cord to the thalamus on the opposite side of the brain?

Answer 27

second order neurons

Question 28

what is the process of perceiving smells?

Answer 28

olfaction

Question 29

what do first order neurons do?

Answer 29

take a sense (ex: from finger), and relay info to spinal cord

Question 30

what is pain at the skin level?

Answer 30

superficial pain

Question 31

what is pain in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, or fascia?

Answer 31

deep somatic pain