SS9-WH Flashcards
When did the Renaissance take place?
1300 - 1560 AD (CE)
Where did the Renaissance start?
Italy
The Renaissance has been described as a ______ movement
humanistic
Who posted a list of 95 arguments against then-common Church practices of giving blessings and forgiveness in exchange for money?
Martin Luther (in the year 1517)
Breakaway groups from the Church in the 1500s were known as what? What was this breakaway called?
Protestants (because they were protesting the Church). This was called the Protestant Reformation.
Who was influential during the Protestant Reformation, creating a new system of Christian belief?
John Calvin - this system was called Calvinism
Henry VIII created the Church of England and made himself pope for what reason?
He wanted a divorce and it was against the Church doctrine.
When did Christopher Columbus arrive in America?
1492
What was it called when European countries tried to colonize many parts of Africa, America, and Asia?
Imperialism
What was the main reason that countries wanted to grow colonies?
For money reasons
What was the process where European plants and animals made it to America, and vice versa?
The Columbian Exchange
How did “white man” disease strike the native populations?
It traveled with them from overseas
What was the world called with all the new colonies and European countries being much stronger?
The New World
When did overseas colonization begin by Europe?
Late 1400s
When was the English Commonwealth started?
1649, when King Charles was beheaded
What was the name of the dominant economic policy during the 1600s in Europe?
Mercantilism
What economic policy says that the wealth of nations is measured based on how much gold and silver they have?
Mercantilism
When did the Scientific Revolution take place?
The 1600s to 1700s
Who was credited with emphasizing the importance of using experiments in science?
Francis Bacon
Who emphasized the importance of logic and reason in discovering truth?
Rene Descartes
Who described the human circulatory system?
William Harvey
Who developed atomic theory?
Robert Boyle
Who developed the theory of gravity?
Isaac Newton
Who proved that Earth rotates around the Sun, and not the other way around?
Copernicus
Who improved the telescope so that we could see other planets?
Galileo
What thought was central to the Enlightenment?
Natural rights
Who said certain rights are given to humans at birth?
John Locke
Who stressed the value of free markets during the Enlightenment?
Adam Smith
Whose philosophy lead many colonies to revolt?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
When did the American colonies begin to revolt?
1775
When did France revolt?
1789
When was a new constitution put in place after the French revolution?
1791
Who took power over France after the Revolution, and then conquered large parts of Europe?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Where did Napoleon die, after being exiled?
The island Saint Helena, died in 1821
When did industrialization take place in Europe?
After Napoleon died (early 1800s)
When did the Ottoman Empire collapse?
Late 1800s
