SS8-WH Flashcards
Who invented democracy?
The Athenians (Greece)
What were the names of the two leagues of Greek city-states that grouped up and fought each other?
The Delian League (Athens and its allies) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta and Athens’ enemies)
Who won the war between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League?
The Peloponnesian League (Sparta and Athens’ enemies)
Who eventually conquered the Greek city-states?
The Macedonians
Who ruled the Macedonian empire while it was expanding very rapidly?
Alexander the Great
The Macedonian empire spread ______ ideals throughout the Middle East, Asia and eastern Europe
Greek ideals
Who ruled after Alexander the Great died?
Cleopatra
Who invented geometry, basic concepts of engineering, and the philosophy of self-control?
Hellenistic scholars
The body of myths of the gods and the natural world, devised by the Greeks, is known as
mythology
Dominant political system of the Western world?
Democracy
When the Latins formed a single city-state called Rome, they became known as the _____
Romans
Who ruled Rome in the early days?
The Etruscans, a cultural group all over Italy. They were thrown over in 508 BC and a republic was formed.
The Roman republic consisted of a ____-member senate
- To keep anyone from having too much power.
The system of checks and balances (senate having some power, executive branch had some power) was created by the _____
Romans
How did Rome expand?
Through conquests and invasions
How did a Roman emperor come to be?
There were a lot of civil wars because of social inequality, and powerful leaders ended up becoming dictators (and then emperors)
A 200-year span of peace and prosperity in Rome
Pax Romana
Eventually, the Roman empire was split into the Western and Eastern Roman empires, with capitals in:
Western Empire - Rome. Eastern Empire - Constantinople.
Did the Roman empire fall quickly?
No, it was gradual, through heavy taxes, poor leaders, etc.
When was the Medieval Era?
500 - 1500 AD
In the 700s, which emperor expanded what was located in modern-day France into what is now Italy and Germany?
Emperor Charlemagne
Charlemagne saw himself as the founder of a new _______ ______ ______
Christianized Roman Empire
After Charlemagne died, his heirs couldn’t maintain it
TRUE
Another great empire of the 700s was the _______ ______
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire emerged from the ruins of the ______ _____ _____
Eastern Roman Empire
Who rebuilt Constantinople as ruler of the Byzantine empire?
Emperor Justinian
Where did the Byzantine Empire expand to by 1360 AD?
As far west as Italy, as far south as Spain
Around the 1300s, the Christians split into two different churches:
the Roman Catholic church, and the Eastern Orthodox Church
When did the Byzantine empire fall?
in the 1450s, when the Turks invaded Constantinople
An English document that reserved some rights for the nobles, later extended to include common people as well
Magna Carta
In 1215, nobles forced ____ ____ to sign the Magna Carta
King John
When was Parliament created?
When the Magna Carta was reformed
A war between France and England, very long and bloody
The Hundred Years War
A global plague that swept through Europe from ____ to _____
Black Plague, 1347 to 1353
Where was the Black Plague from?
China, brought to Europe by fleas on rats on ships
How many people died from the Black Death in Europe?
25 million (1/3 of the European population)
In later medieval times, _______ spread to the upper and middle class
education
Under this system, local lords governed their own lands, having farmers and peasants who work the land for protection and basic services
feudal systems
People from the feudal system didn’t have much opportunity, so they went to cities to seek their fortune. These people were known as:
Merchant class
