Spring Final Study Guide

Question 1

National Labor Relations Act

Answer 1

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is a foundational statute of United States labor law that guarantees the right of private-sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining,

Question 2

National Industrial Relations Act

Answer 2

The policy of the United States to encourage collective bargaining by protecting workers’ full freedom of association.

Question 3

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 3

• Designed to create jobs.
• Built dams on the Tennessee River to turn water into electricity.
• This project will be so important because it will bring electricity to large numbers of rural Americans.

Question 4

Explain the situation of the agricultural industry in the 1920s

Answer 4

Agricultural production increases coupled with decreases in sales

Question 5

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 5

One cause was the amount of goods bought in the 1920s on credit. So much was purchased that people were unable to pay back the credit.
Other Causes
-Agricultural production increases coupled with decreases in sales
-The availability of easy credit
-An uneven distribution of wealth

Question 6

What did stock investors do following the October 29, 1929 crash?

Answer 6

On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, panicked investors tried to sell all their stocks.

Question 7

Why did Conservatives oppose the New Deal?

Answer 7

• Believed FDR interfered with the free market economy and was moving towards socialism.
• Claimed FDR created too much bureaucracy.

Question 8

Explain how consumers overusing credit in the 1920s contributed to the Great Depression.

Answer 8

One cause was the number of goods bought in the 1920s on credit. So much was purchased that people were unable to pay back the credit.

Question 9

Destroyers for Bases Agreement

Answer 9

The destroyers-for-bases deal was an agreement between the United States (roosevelt) and the United Kingdom (churchill) on September 2, 1940 according to which 50 Caldwell, Wickes, and Clemson class US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions.

Question 10

Cash and Carry Policy

Answer 10

Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Question 11

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 11

In 1941, FDR proposed the Lend lease Bill which gave the president the right to loan war weapons and war supplies to countries at war.

Question 12

List the reasons that Japan attacked America during WWII.

Answer 12

Japan will respond to the US cutting off oil and other supplies by planning to attack the U.S Pearl Harbor. Japan believed an attack on the U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor would destroy the American Pacific fleet and give them a free hand in the Pacific.

Question 13

What was the significance of the Battle of Iwo Jima?

Answer 13

After fierce battle at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the U.S. began to realize that Japan might never give up and surrender. But also, it was part of a plan by the United States to end the war with Japan. The battle had a major influence on the United States’ decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Question 14

What was the significance of the Battle of Midway?

Answer 14

greatly crippled Japan’s ability to carry on an offensive war. The Battle of Midway was considered a turning point in which the U.S. began taking back the islands in the Pacific.

Question 15

Navajo Code Talkers

Answer 15

A group of Navajo became part of the Marine signal corps. They outwitted the Japanese by sending messages in the Navajo language. With their efforts they distinguished themselves and advanced the cause of civil rights.

Question 16

Where was the largest surrender of American troops during WWII?

Answer 16

Bataan, Philippines

Question 17

Why were the Tuskegee Airmen so important?

Answer 17

The Tuskegee Airmen have become famous as the first African American pilots in United States military service, who proved that Black men could fly advanced aircraft in combat.

Question 18

Japanese Internment

Answer 18

On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americnas from the West Coast. Roosevelt made the decision because he believed the Japanese could be working as spies.

Question 19

War Production Board

Answer 19

The War Production Board (WPB) was created to convert the industry into war production. The WPB ordered industrialists to limit the production of goods not essential to the war. Manufacturers switched from shirts, toys, and cars to making uniforms, bombs, and tanks.
Industry-focused on defense products.
Auto-making stopped during WWII so the factories could be converted to war production.

Question 20

Bracero Program

Answer 20

The federal government initiated the Bracero program during WWII in an effort to address the urgent need for agricultural laborers. It permitted millions of Mexican men to work legally in the United States on short-term labor contracts

Question 21

Rationing

Answer 21

Rationing was used to control demand and distribute scarce goods fairly.
-Shoes, sugar, and gasoline
Needs were addressed through rationing

Question 22

How did Roosevelt respond to African-Americans demands for equal rights?

Answer 22

Roosevelt issued executive order 8802, which created the Fair Employment Practices Commitee (FEPC). It was the most important federal move in support of the rights of African Americans.

Question 23

What led to America becoming the world’s first atomic superpower?

Answer 23

During the Cold War, the British Empire dissolved, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union to dominate world affairs. At the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States became the world’s sole superpower.

Question 24

Why did Truman choose to use the atomic bomb?

Answer 24

Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb was controversial and is still today:

• His reasoning was to save more American and Japanese lives than would have been lost by invading Japan.
• To demonstrate to the Soviet Union that the U.S. was more of a superior country.

Question 25

What was the role of the woman between 1941-1945?

Answer 25

Women and minorities began replacing men and filling the shortage of factory workers.

Question 26

Berlin Blockade/Berlin Airlift and their results

Answer 26

On June 24, 1948, Soviet forces blockaded all road, rail and water routes into Berlin’s Allied-controlled areas, stifling the vital flow of food, coal and other supplies. The U.S. answered the Soviet blockade of Berlin with the Berlin Airlift which was a massive supply of food, fuel, and supplies flown into Berlin. The airlift would alleviate the animosity between former American and German enemies. It also led to the formation of NATO, a mutual defense treaty.

Question 27

Star Wars (not the movie) (look under Reagan)

Answer 27

A proposed missle defense system intended to protect the US from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapon.

Question 28

How did the Korean War Start?

Answer 28

After years of squabbling, North Korean troops following Soviet-made tanks crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea.

Question 29

What was the goal of the USSR following WWII?

Answer 29

The Soviet Union was determined to establish governments in Eastern Europe who were friendly to the Soviet Union. As well as, spread communism beyond the Soviet Union.

Question 30

Truman Doctrine

Answer 30

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine would be to contain communism through various mean, it was essential for containment. The Truman Doctrine program would send $400 million to Greece and Turkey to reduce the danger of a communist takeover of their governments

Question 31

Why was the Middle East so important to the U.S.?

Answer 31

Oil; support and protection of the new nation of Isreal; and containment of the Soviet Union.

Question 32

What was the purpose of NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 32

NATO was formed to militarily oppose the spread of communism. The Warsaw Pact was a political and military alliance established on May 14, 1955 between the Soviet Union and other countries in Europe. They were both to keep peace between nations.

Question 33

What was the effect of Sputnik on the Space Race?

Answer 33

The launching of Sputnik even more strained the Cold War. Fueled space race and arms race.

Question 34

Domino Theory

Answer 34

The domino theory is a geopolitical theory that was prominent in the United States from the 1950s to the 1980s which posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

Question 35

Marshall Plan

Answer 35

The Marshall Plan will provide time and money for West European governments to strengthen their economies after WWII. The Marshall Plan was designed to promote capitalism around Europe. It was also essential for containment.

Question 36

War Powers Act

Answer 36

The War Powers Resolution is a federal law intended to check the U.S. president’s power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.

Question 37

United Nations

Answer 37

The United Nations was created to promote order and world peace. The UN was based on the belief that an international peacekeeping organization could settle disputes without warfare.

Question 38

Bay of Pigs

Answer 38

With Kennedy now President, he supported the Bay of Pigs invasion to remove Fidel Castro from power. On April 17, 1961, 1,500 La Brigada commandos tried to land on Cuba’s Bay of Pigs. The purpose was to land secretly and inspire a public uprising against Castro.

Question 39

Massive Retaliation

Answer 39

A military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack

Question 40

SEATO

Answer 40

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. The purpose of the organization was to prevent communism from gaining ground in the region. Eisenhower supported the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in an attempt to restrict communist aggression in Asian countries.

Question 41

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 41

On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.

Question 42

Rosa Parks

Answer 42

Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks’ arrest on December 1, 1955 launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott by 17,000 black citizens.

Question 43

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 43

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The boycott took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956

Question 44

Why did civil rights activists like Martin Luther King Jr. and Cesar Chavez use boycotts?

Answer 44

Becuase they both believed in nonviolence. And because it was more effective, businesses would lose profits. So the less profits they had the more likely they were to give into the demands.

Question 45

What was Woodstock and its significance?

Answer 45

Woodstock was the most famous of the 1960s rock festivals. Woodstock impacted United States culture by giving a voice to the often overlooked community of hippies and legitimizing the anti-war sentiment they were experiencing. In short, hippies symbolize counterculture; so much so that the two words are almost synonymous

Question 46

Which form of technology changed the communications medium the most in the 1950’s and 1960’s?

Answer 46

Television during the 1950s and 60s

Question 47

What led to the Baby Boom?

Answer 47

People wanting to start the families that they put off during World War II and the Great Depression, and a sense of confidence that the coming era would be safe and prosperous.

Question 48

Suburbanization

Answer 48

The establishment of residential communities on the outskirts of a city.

Question 49

Kennedy’s New Frontier policy

Answer 49

JFK’s New Frontier policies focused on domestic programs to expand education, widen the social safety net, and encourage Americans to serve those in need.

Question 50

Brown vs. Board of Education

Answer 50

In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the “separate but equal” principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case.

Question 51

Grape Boycott

Answer 51

On September 8, 1965, over 800 Filipino farmworkers affiliated with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) struck ten grape vineyards around Delano. They demanded a raise both in their hourly wages, from $1.25 to $1.40, and in the piece rate (the pay a worker earned for each box of grapes packed).

Question 52

How did Malcolm X differ from Martin Luther King Jr.?

Answer 52

King influenced the movement through non-violence, whereas Malcolm X wanted to react with a violent approach

Question 53

Roe vs. Wade

Answer 53

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects a pregnant woman’s liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction

Question 54

List several ways on how the car impacted society

Answer 54

The automobile gave people more personal freedom and access to jobs and services. It led to the development of better roads and transportation. Industries and new jobs developed to supply the demand for automobile parts and fuel. These included petroleum and gasoline, rubber, and then plastics.

Question 55

What was the original purpose of the Interstate Highway Act?

Answer 55

To eliminate unsafe roads, inefficient routes, traffic jams and all of the other things that got in the way of “speedy, safe transcontinental travel