Fall Final Study Guide

Question 1

Why were the colonists opposed to the Stamp Act?

Answer 1

They were opposed to the stamp act because they were being taxed on all printed documents. Angered colonists the most because it was a direct tax.

Question 2

Which Enlightenment thinker influenced Thomas Jefferson in his writing the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 2

John Locke

Question 3

The statement, “All Men are Created Equal…” can be traced back to which Enlightenment thinker?

Answer 3

John Locke

Question 4

John Locke’s idea of Natural Rights influences which famous American document?

Answer 4

Declaration of Independence

Question 5

1st Amendment

Answer 5

Freedom of speech, freedom of religion

Question 6

What is the 15th Amendment and how were some states able to avoid it?

Answer 6

15th Amendment gives all U.S. citizens the right to vote. Some states made African pay poll taxes and take literature tests to prevent them from voting

Question 7

Marbury vs. Madison outcome

Answer 7

John Marshall supreme court judge, supreme court justice, establishes that the supreme court can decide on whether or not a law is constitutional or unconstitutional.

Question 8

What type of worker (skilled or unskilled) primarily worked in factories during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 8

Unskilled workers provided labor for the factories.

Question 9

What type of wage was given to immigrants that came to the U.S. from Europe and Asia?

Answer 9

Mostly low wage jobs

Question 10

Americanization

Answer 10

Immigrants became assimilated to American culture through a legal and educational process called Americanization.

Question 11

How did Jane Addams encourage social reform?

Answer 11

Encouraged progressive reform on a local level by

• Developing settlement houses that often were the only social services that the urban poor had access to
• Helping to mobilize women to take a more active role in politics.
• Organizing and endorsing the political campaigns of progressives.

Question 12

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Answer 12

Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, was written after Sinclair closely observed the filthy conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry and how the workers lived. Helped create the Meat Inspection Act.

Question 13

Muckrakers

Answer 13

Writers that exposed political corruption, corporate corruption, and political issues.

Question 14

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 14

John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust through mergers and buy-outs, making it one of the largest trusts in America

Question 15

How did immigrants pay back political machines for jobs and housing?

Answer 15

Immigrants needed housing and jobs, which political machines often provided for them. Immigrants paid for these favors with their votes.

Question 16

How were Trusts bad for Americans?

Answer 16

Trusts would drive out smaller businesses by lowering prices.

Question 17

Which president was known as a “Trustbuster”?

Answer 17

Theodore Roosevelt

Question 18

Bessemer Process

Answer 18

Inventor, Henry Bessemer, created the Bessemer process, making it possible for the U.S. to be one of the world’s major producers of steel.

Question 19

Who primarily made up the member of the Populist Party

Answer 19

The Populist Party was made up mainly of low-income farmers from the South and West.

Question 20

What was the goal of the Populist Party

Answer 20

Have the government issue more paper currency and silver coins to increase inflation.

• Change voting laws from public to private.
• Change election laws from the state legislature choosing representatives to the voters having direct elections.

Question 21

During which era were the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments passed?

Answer 21

The 16th, 17th, 18, 19th Amendments were all passed during the Progressive Era

Question 22

Yellow Journalism

Answer 22

Newspaper tycoons William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer tried to sway American sympathies in favor of Cuban rebels by using Yellow Journalism- practice of sensationalizing stories.

Question 23

Open-Door Policy

Answer 23

America’s attempt to solve the problem of foreign economic influence in China by stating that all countries should have equal trading rights with China. The U.S. wanted to gain access to China’s raw materials, resources, and markets.

Question 24

Manifest Destiny

Answer 24

The belief that the U.S. had a god given right and duty to expand as a nation. Many Americans were comfortable with the idea of expanding beyond its borders because of a belief in Manifest Destiny.

Question 25

Big Stick Diplomacy

Answer 25

The U.S. will become the international police of the Western Hemisphere. Weakness of Big Stick Diplomacy-The U.S. military will become responsible for enforcing foreign policy in Central America.

Question 26

Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 26

President Taft used Dollar Diplomacy-give foreign aid, loans, and trade to influence a country’s behavior.

• An effort to use economics and politics to increase U.S. influence abroad.
• A policy where political power was applied to foreign nations to allow U.S. investment in them.

Question 27

Social Darwinism

Answer 27

Applies Natural Law to explain society. Nations compete with each other politically, economically, and militarily. The strongest will survive.

Question 28

Social Gospel Movement

Answer 28

Applies religious principles to solve societal problems.

Question 29

Why was the Panama Canal important to the U.S.?

Answer 29

The location of the Panama Canal was considered strategic for both military and economic reasons.

Question 30

Which president was responsible for the construction of the Panama Canal?

Answer 30

Teddy Roosevelt

Question 31

How did industrialization lead to the U.S. moving from isolationism to imperialism?

Answer 31

American industrialization will reverse that policy due to the need for new markets and surplus manufactured goods.

Question 32

What was America’s position about the war in Europe prior to WWI?

Answer 32

America held an isolationist political position regarding the war up until 1917.

Question 33

Total War

Answer 33

Full mobilization of the civilian economy, industry, and the citizenry itself for military purposes.

Question 34

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Answer 34

The U.S. will pass the Espionage and Sedition Act which made it illegal to speak out or print anything against the war in Europe.

Question 35

Palmer Raids

Answer 35

Following WW1, the U.S Government feared communist influence and their plot to overthrow the government.

Question 36

Protestant Fundamentalism is associated with which famous 1920’s trial?

Answer 36

Protestant Fundamentalism pushed for the passage of The Butler Act-In 1925, the state of Tennessee outlaws any teaching that denies the story of the divine creation of man as taught in the bible, will cause the Scopes Trial.

Question 37

What product did Henry Ford mass produce?

Answer 37

He produced the automobile

Question 38

What production innovation led to a decrease in the cost of consumer goods, especially the automobile?

Answer 38

The assembly line

Question 39

Back to Africa Movement

Answer 39

Marcus Garvey starts the Back To Africa Movement. Garvey believed that an important way for African Americans to achieve equality and fight discrimination was to create an independent nation in Africa.

Question 40

The argument between Protestant Fundamentalists and scientists led to which famous 1920’s trial?

Answer 40

Scopes Trials

Question 41

Flapper

Answer 41

Young women who embraced the urban lifestyle and fashions that large cities provided.

Question 42

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 42

The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literary movement led by the educated black middle class.

Question 43

Zora Neale Hurston

Answer 43

Zora Neal Hurston was a Harlem Renaissance novelist.

Question 44

Langston Hughes

Answer 44

Langston Hughes was a Harlem Renaissance poet.

Question 45

Duke Ellington

Answer 45

Duke Ellington was a Harlem Renaissance musician.

Question 46

18th Amendment

Answer 46

The 18th Amendment makes the Manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor illegal.

Question 47

What was an unintended effect of the passage of the 18th Amendment?

Answer 47

The passage of the 18th Amendment helped to create a demand that organized crime-filled.

Question 48

19th Amendment

Answer 48

The U.S Congress will pass the 19th amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote by stating that a citizen could not be denied the right to vote on the account of their sex. The passage of the 19th Amendment can be directly linked to women’s role in supporting WWI.

Question 49

Margaret Sanger

Answer 49

Margaret Sanger pushed for women to have the right to birth control.

Question 50

Economist Adam Smith

Answer 50

Economist Adam Smith influenced economic and political leaders with his Laissez-Faire theory- “government keep your hands off business”.