Spring Flashcards
1
Q
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity, may be associated with cancer
A
exudate ascites
2
Q
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cirrhosis
A
transudate ascites
3
Q
an abscess that develops from a parasite that grows in the colon and invades the liver via the portal vein
A
amebic abscess
4
Q
an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life
A
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
adult polycystic kidney disease
5
Q
a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs including the skull, tongue, and liver
A
Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
6
Q
a syndrome described as occlusion of the hepatic veins, with possible co-existing occlusion of the IVC
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome
7
Q
a parasite responsible for the development of hydatid liver cysts
A
Echinococcus granulosus
8
Q
an inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron
A
hemochromatosis
9
Q
a liver cyst that develops from a tapeworm that lives in dog feces:
A
Hydatid liver cyst (echinococcal cyst)
10
Q
a liver abscess that can result from the spread of infection from inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and endocaritis
A
pyogenic hepatic abscess
11
Q
the clinical detection of an enlarged, palpable gallbladder caused by biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head
A
Courvoisier gallbladder
12
Q
a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts
A
Caroli disease
13
Q
a malignant biliary tumor located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts
A
Klatskin tumor
14
Q
a clinical condition when the patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever, secondary to a lodged stone in the cystic duct
A
Mirizzi syndrome
15
Q
a hereditary disease that includes the development of cysts within the pancreas and other organs
A
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
16
Q
the syndrome that includes an excessive secretion of acid by the stomach caused by the presence of a functional gastrinoma within the pancreas
A
Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
17
Q
a rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels
A
angiosarcoma
18
Q
a herpes virus that can lead to infectious mononucleosis
A
Epstein - Barr infection
19
Q
specialized tissue within the spleen that performs its phagocytic function
A
red pulp
20
Q
a systemic disease that result in the development of granulomas throughout the body
A
sarcoidosis
21
Q
an inherited disease in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells
A
sickle cell anemia
22
Q
specialized lymphatic tissue within the spleen
A
white pulp
23
Q
a cystic disease of the kidney that is often the result of chronic hemodialysis
A
acquired renal cystic disease
24
Q
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
A
acute pyelonephritis
25
damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
26
an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
27
an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood
azotemia
28
the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of the kidney
cortical nephrocalcinosis
29
the formation of air within the kidney parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection
emphysematous pyelonephritis
30
an infection of the kidney glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
31
carcinoma of the kidney
hypernephroma ( renal cell carcinoma)
32
the accumulation of calcium within the medulla of the renal parenchyma
medullary nephrocalcinosis
33
a congenital disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium within abnormally dilated collecting ducts located within the medullad
medullary sponge kidney
34
a renal disease though to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cyst of varying sizes in the renal fossa
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
35
the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as Wilms tumor
nephroblastoma
36
a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli, which results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the ankles, face, and feet due to accumulation of excess water
nephrotic syndrome
37
a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s
oncocytoma
38
a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found in the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis
transitional cell carcinoma
39
an inherited disorder characterized by tumor of the central nervous system and the development of cysts within the kidneys, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytomas
Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome
40
a rare chronic form of pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
41
a syndrome caused by a functioning tumor within the adrenal cortex that produces excess amounts of aldosterone; patients will have hypertension, excessive thirst, excessive urination, and low levels of potassium in the blood
Conn syndrome
42
a syndrome that results from a pituitary or adrenal tumor that causes overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glans; patients may present with obesity, thinning arms and legs, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and severe farigue
Cushing syndrome
43
a malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland and anywhere within the sympathetic nervous system
neuroblastoma
44
enlargment of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to greater than 3cm
abdominal aortic aneurysm
45
shaped like a spindle; wider in the middle and tapering toward the end
fusiform
46
a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tail and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency
Marfan syndrome
47
the enlargement of a vessel that involves all three layers of the wall
true aneurysm
48
masses of various ingested material that may cause an intestinal obstruction
bezoars
49
an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the GI tract
Crohn disease
50
a defect in the relaxation of the pyloric sphincter that leads to the enlargement of the pyloric muscles and closure of the pyloric sphincter
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
51
a common congenital outpouching of the wall of the small intestine
Meckel diverticulum
52
a situation in which bowel is blocked because of the lack of normal peristalsis of a bowel segment or segments; also referred to as a paralytic ileus
nonmechanical obstruction
53
a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest
cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM)
54
a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum
retroperitoneal fibrosis
55
the enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes located within the abdomen
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
56
benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible
brachial cleft cyst
57
a fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones
colloid
58
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism that produces bulging eyes, heat intolerance, nervousness, weight loss, and hair loss
Graves disease
59
the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the united states
Hashimoto thyroiditis
60
the condition in which the patient lacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall
Bell clapper deformity
61
a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may be found outside of the reproductive tract
germ cell tumor
62
a condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome; characteristic features include small testicles, infertility, gynecomastia, long legs, and abnormally low intelligence
Klinefelter syndrome
63
inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues
cellutitis
64
ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors
Meigs syndrome
65
an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus and or the fallopian tubes
pelvic inflammatory disease
66
a syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity
Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( stein-Leventhal syndrome)
67
an intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting sell that result form the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix
pseudomyxoma peritonei
68
small benign ovarian tumors
Brenner tumor
69
another name for endometriomas
chocolated cysts
70
benign, blood containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis
endometrioma
71
functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus
endometriosis
72
an ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor found in middle aged women
fibroma
73
a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation o the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (molar pregnancy)
74
malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from the GI tract
Krukenberg tumor
75
pain at the time of ovulation
mittelchmerz
76
a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs; results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cyst
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
77
malignant sex-cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
78
a benign ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women
thecoma
79
malignant germ cell tumor
yolk sac tumor
80
the benign invasion of the endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus
adenomyosis
81
a syndrome characterized by endometrial adhesions that typically occur as a result of scar formation after some types of uterine surgery
Asherman syndrome
82
when the placenta covers or nearly covers the internal os of the cervix
placenta previa
83
the premature separation of the placental from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus
placenta abruption
84
a reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal IVC
supine hypotensive syndrome
85
the most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis to the liver, lungs, and vagina
choriocarcinoma
86
the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease in which there is excessive growth of the placenta and high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; typically benign
hydatidiform mole
87
a type of gestational trophoblastic disease in which a molar pregnancy invades into the myometrium and may also invade through the uterine wall and into the peritoneum
invasive mole
88
a group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida
Arnold-Chiari II malformation
89
round skull shape
brachycephalic
90
a spectrum of posterior fossa abnormalities that involve dilatation of the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle
Dandy Walker complex
91
a congenital brain malformation in which there is enlargement of the cisterna magna, agenesis of the cerebellar vermis and dilatation of the fourth ventricle
Dandy Walker malfomation
92
an elongated, narrow head shape
dolicocephaly (scaphocephaly)
93
a fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly and polycystic kidneys
Meckel Gruber syndrome
94
normal head shape
mesocephalic
95
fleshy, tongue-like appendage that is typically located within the midline above the orbits in association with cyclopia and holoprocencephaly
proboscis
96
the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull with frontal bossing and hydrocephalus
thanatophoric dysplasia
97
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an acronym that stands for
toxoplasmosis
other
rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex virus
```
this group of infections may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy
TORCH infections
98
an arteriovenous malformation that occurs within the fetal brain and is associated with congestive hear failure
Vein of Galen aneurysm
99
group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts in the amnion often resulting in fetal amputations or clefting
Amniotic band syndrome
100
close set eyes (hypoteorism) and a nose with a single nostril
cebocephaly
101
an oral teratoma
epignathus
102
a condition in which there is not nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits; associated with holoprocencephaly
ethmocephaly
103
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at leas two fetal body cavities
fetal hydrops
104
a group of brain abnormalities consisting of varying degrees of fusion of the lateral ventricles, absence of the midline structures, and associated facial abnormalities
holoprocencephaly
105
a small mandible
micrognathia
106
rare, lethal condition resulting in abnormal development of the bones and cartilage
achondrogenesis
107
a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism
achondroplasia
108
syndrome associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis)
109
protrusions of intracranial contents through a defect in the skull
cephalocele
110
protrusion of brain tissue through a defect in the skull
encephalocele
111
form of acrania in which the entire cerebrum is located outside of the skull
exencephaly
112
most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by rhizomelia
heterozygous achondroplasia
113
the fatal form of achondroplasia
homozygous achondroplasia
114
a group of disorders with sonographic findings including a short or absent umbilical cord, ventral wall defects, limb defects, craniofacial defects, and scoliosis
limb-body wall complex
115
a group of disorders that result in multiple fractures in utero; caused by decreased mineralization and poor ossification of the bones
osteogenesis imperfecta
116
abscence or underdevelopment of the radius
radial ray defect
117
shortening of the proximal segment of a limb
rhizomelia
118
a fetal abnormality characterized by fusion of the lower extremities, renal agenesis, and oligohydramnios
sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)
119
turned inward
splay
120
a wide separation between the middle and ring finger
trident hand
121
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an acronym for a combination of abnormalities that represent
Vertebral anomalies
Anorectal atresia
Cardiac anomalies
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies
```
VACTREL
122
the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diphragm
Bochdalek hernia
123
the narrowing of the aorta
coartation of the aorta
124
the malformation of malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects
Ebstein anomaly
125
a group of anomalies that includes an omphalocele, along eith ectopid cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects
pentalogy of Cantrell
126
syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasi, and limb abnormalites
Potter syndrome
127
a group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
tetralogy of Fallot
128
a disease that leads to a functional bowel obstruction due to the lack of nerve cells within the colon wall
Hirschsprung disease
129
a fetus that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age (small for gestational age)
intrauterine growth restrictions
130
the congenital abscence of corpus callosum which may be partial or complete
agenesis of the corpus callosum
131
fetal hydrops caused by congenital fetal anomalies and infections
nonimmune hydrops
132
a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane is indicative of a dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy
Lambda sign
133
when vascular products travel from a demised twin to the surviving twin by means of the common vascular channels within the shared placenta
twin embolization
134
shunting of venous or arterial blood from one twin to another through placental circulation
twin-twin transfusion syndrome
135
the death and reabsorption of a twin
vanishing twin
136
cyst found within the umbilical cord
allantoid cyst
137
diffuse edema
anasarca
138
an abnormally shaped placenta caused by the membranes inserting inward from the edge of the placenta, producing a curled up placental shape
circumvallate placenta
139
condition in which there is an incompatibility between the fetal and maternal red blood cells
erythroblastosis fetalis
140
total blood loss, to bleed out
exsanguination
141
fetal hydrops due to Rh incompatibility
immune hydrops
142
the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium in an area where the decidua is either absent or minimal
placenta accreta
143
invasion of the placenta within the myometrium
placenta increta
144
penetration of the placenta through the uterine serosa and possibly into the adjacent pelvic organs
placenta percreta
145
fetal vessels resting over the internal os of the cervix
vasa previa
146
the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge
velamentous cord insertion
147
an accessory lobe of the placenta
succenturiate lobe
148
abnormal cord insertion at the edge of the placenta
marginal cord insertion
149
webbed fingers and toes
syndactyly
150
birth defect consisting of an Omphalocele, bladder Exstrophy, Imperforate anus, and Spina bifida
Cloacal exstrophy (OEIS complex)
