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Fall 2014 study > Spring > Flashcards

Spring Flashcards

1
Q

a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity, may be associated with cancer

A

exudate ascites

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2
Q

a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cirrhosis

A

transudate ascites

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3
Q

an abscess that develops from a parasite that grows in the colon and invades the liver via the portal vein

A

amebic abscess

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4
Q

an inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts late in life

A

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

adult polycystic kidney disease

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5
Q

a growth disorder syndrome synonymous with enlargement of several organs including the skull, tongue, and liver

A

Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome

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6
Q

a syndrome described as occlusion of the hepatic veins, with possible co-existing occlusion of the IVC

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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7
Q

a parasite responsible for the development of hydatid liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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8
Q

an inherited disease characterized by disproportionate absorption of dietary iron

A

hemochromatosis

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9
Q

a liver cyst that develops from a tapeworm that lives in dog feces:

A

Hydatid liver cyst (echinococcal cyst)

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10
Q

a liver abscess that can result from the spread of infection from inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and endocaritis

A

pyogenic hepatic abscess

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11
Q

the clinical detection of an enlarged, palpable gallbladder caused by biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head

A

Courvoisier gallbladder

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12
Q

a congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts

A

Caroli disease

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13
Q

a malignant biliary tumor located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

A

Klatskin tumor

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14
Q

a clinical condition when the patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever, secondary to a lodged stone in the cystic duct

A

Mirizzi syndrome

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15
Q

a hereditary disease that includes the development of cysts within the pancreas and other organs

A

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

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16
Q

the syndrome that includes an excessive secretion of acid by the stomach caused by the presence of a functional gastrinoma within the pancreas

A

Zollinger- Ellison syndrome

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17
Q

a rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels

A

angiosarcoma

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18
Q

a herpes virus that can lead to infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein - Barr infection

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19
Q

specialized tissue within the spleen that performs its phagocytic function

A

red pulp

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20
Q

a systemic disease that result in the development of granulomas throughout the body

A

sarcoidosis

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21
Q

an inherited disease in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells

A

sickle cell anemia

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22
Q

specialized lymphatic tissue within the spleen

A

white pulp

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23
Q

a cystic disease of the kidney that is often the result of chronic hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

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24
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

acute pyelonephritis

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25
Q

damage to the tubule cells within the kidneys that results in renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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26
Q

an inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

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27
Q

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

A

azotemia

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28
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of the kidney

A

cortical nephrocalcinosis

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29
Q

the formation of air within the kidney parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

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30
Q

an infection of the kidney glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

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31
Q

carcinoma of the kidney

A

hypernephroma ( renal cell carcinoma)

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32
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the medulla of the renal parenchyma

A

medullary nephrocalcinosis

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33
Q

a congenital disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium within abnormally dilated collecting ducts located within the medullad

A

medullary sponge kidney

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34
Q

a renal disease though to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cyst of varying sizes in the renal fossa

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

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35
Q

the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as Wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

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36
Q

a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli, which results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the ankles, face, and feet due to accumulation of excess water

A

nephrotic syndrome

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37
Q

a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s

A

oncocytoma

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38
Q

a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found in the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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39
Q

an inherited disorder characterized by tumor of the central nervous system and the development of cysts within the kidneys, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytomas

A

Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome

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40
Q

a rare chronic form of pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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41
Q

a syndrome caused by a functioning tumor within the adrenal cortex that produces excess amounts of aldosterone; patients will have hypertension, excessive thirst, excessive urination, and low levels of potassium in the blood

A

Conn syndrome

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42
Q

a syndrome that results from a pituitary or adrenal tumor that causes overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glans; patients may present with obesity, thinning arms and legs, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and severe farigue

A

Cushing syndrome

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43
Q

a malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland and anywhere within the sympathetic nervous system

A

neuroblastoma

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44
Q

enlargment of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to greater than 3cm

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

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45
Q

shaped like a spindle; wider in the middle and tapering toward the end

A

fusiform

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46
Q

a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tail and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency

A

Marfan syndrome

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47
Q

the enlargement of a vessel that involves all three layers of the wall

A

true aneurysm

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48
Q

masses of various ingested material that may cause an intestinal obstruction

A

bezoars

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49
Q

an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the GI tract

A

Crohn disease

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50
Q

a defect in the relaxation of the pyloric sphincter that leads to the enlargement of the pyloric muscles and closure of the pyloric sphincter

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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51
Q

a common congenital outpouching of the wall of the small intestine

A

Meckel diverticulum

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52
Q

a situation in which bowel is blocked because of the lack of normal peristalsis of a bowel segment or segments; also referred to as a paralytic ileus

A

nonmechanical obstruction

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53
Q

a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest

A

cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM)

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54
Q

a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

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55
Q

the enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes located within the abdomen

A

retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

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56
Q

benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible

A

brachial cleft cyst

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57
Q

a fluid produced by the thyroid that contains thyroid hormones

A

colloid

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58
Q

the most common cause of hyperthyroidism that produces bulging eyes, heat intolerance, nervousness, weight loss, and hair loss

A

Graves disease

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59
Q

the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the united states

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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60
Q

the condition in which the patient lacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall

A

Bell clapper deformity

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61
Q

a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may be found outside of the reproductive tract

A

germ cell tumor

62
Q

a condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome; characteristic features include small testicles, infertility, gynecomastia, long legs, and abnormally low intelligence

A

Klinefelter syndrome

63
Q

inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues

A

cellutitis

64
Q

ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors

A

Meigs syndrome

65
Q

an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus and or the fallopian tubes

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

66
Q

a syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( stein-Leventhal syndrome)

67
Q

an intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting sell that result form the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

68
Q

small benign ovarian tumors

A

Brenner tumor

69
Q

another name for endometriomas

A

chocolated cysts

70
Q

benign, blood containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis

A

endometrioma

71
Q

functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus

A

endometriosis

72
Q

an ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor found in middle aged women

A

fibroma

73
Q

a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation o the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy

A

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (molar pregnancy)

74
Q

malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from the GI tract

A

Krukenberg tumor

75
Q

pain at the time of ovulation

A

mittelchmerz

76
Q

a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs; results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cyst

A

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

77
Q

malignant sex-cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization

A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

78
Q

a benign ovarian sex-cord stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women

A

thecoma

79
Q

malignant germ cell tumor

A

yolk sac tumor

80
Q

the benign invasion of the endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

A

adenomyosis

81
Q

a syndrome characterized by endometrial adhesions that typically occur as a result of scar formation after some types of uterine surgery

A

Asherman syndrome

82
Q

when the placenta covers or nearly covers the internal os of the cervix

A

placenta previa

83
Q

the premature separation of the placental from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

A

placenta abruption

84
Q

a reduction in blood return to the maternal heart caused by the gravid uterus compressing the maternal IVC

A

supine hypotensive syndrome

85
Q

the most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease with possible metastasis to the liver, lungs, and vagina

A

choriocarcinoma

86
Q

the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease in which there is excessive growth of the placenta and high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; typically benign

A

hydatidiform mole

87
Q

a type of gestational trophoblastic disease in which a molar pregnancy invades into the myometrium and may also invade through the uterine wall and into the peritoneum

A

invasive mole

88
Q

a group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida

A

Arnold-Chiari II malformation

89
Q

round skull shape

A

brachycephalic

90
Q

a spectrum of posterior fossa abnormalities that involve dilatation of the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle

A

Dandy Walker complex

91
Q

a congenital brain malformation in which there is enlargement of the cisterna magna, agenesis of the cerebellar vermis and dilatation of the fourth ventricle

A

Dandy Walker malfomation

92
Q

an elongated, narrow head shape

A

dolicocephaly (scaphocephaly)

93
Q

a fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly and polycystic kidneys

A

Meckel Gruber syndrome

94
Q

normal head shape

A

mesocephalic

95
Q

fleshy, tongue-like appendage that is typically located within the midline above the orbits in association with cyclopia and holoprocencephaly

A

proboscis

96
Q

the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull with frontal bossing and hydrocephalus

A

thanatophoric dysplasia

97
Q 
an acronym that stands for 
toxoplasmosis
other
rubella 
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex virus

this group of infections may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy

A

TORCH infections

98
Q

an arteriovenous malformation that occurs within the fetal brain and is associated with congestive hear failure

A

Vein of Galen aneurysm

99
Q

group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts in the amnion often resulting in fetal amputations or clefting

A

Amniotic band syndrome

100
Q

close set eyes (hypoteorism) and a nose with a single nostril

A

cebocephaly

101
Q

an oral teratoma

A

epignathus

102
Q

a condition in which there is not nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits; associated with holoprocencephaly

A

ethmocephaly

103
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at leas two fetal body cavities

A

fetal hydrops

104
Q

a group of brain abnormalities consisting of varying degrees of fusion of the lateral ventricles, absence of the midline structures, and associated facial abnormalities

A

holoprocencephaly

105
Q

a small mandible

A

micrognathia

106
Q

rare, lethal condition resulting in abnormal development of the bones and cartilage

A

achondrogenesis

107
Q

a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

108
Q

syndrome associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx

A

caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis)

109
Q

protrusions of intracranial contents through a defect in the skull

A

cephalocele

110
Q

protrusion of brain tissue through a defect in the skull

A

encephalocele

111
Q

form of acrania in which the entire cerebrum is located outside of the skull

A

exencephaly

112
Q

most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by rhizomelia

A

heterozygous achondroplasia

113
Q

the fatal form of achondroplasia

A

homozygous achondroplasia

114
Q

a group of disorders with sonographic findings including a short or absent umbilical cord, ventral wall defects, limb defects, craniofacial defects, and scoliosis

A

limb-body wall complex

115
Q

a group of disorders that result in multiple fractures in utero; caused by decreased mineralization and poor ossification of the bones

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

116
Q

abscence or underdevelopment of the radius

A

radial ray defect

117
Q

shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

A

rhizomelia

118
Q

a fetal abnormality characterized by fusion of the lower extremities, renal agenesis, and oligohydramnios

A

sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)

119
Q

turned inward

A

splay

120
Q

a wide separation between the middle and ring finger

A

trident hand

121
Q 
an acronym for a combination of abnormalities that represent 
Vertebral anomalies
Anorectal atresia
Cardiac anomalies
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies
A

VACTREL

122
Q

the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diphragm

A

Bochdalek hernia

123
Q

the narrowing of the aorta

A

coartation of the aorta

124
Q

the malformation of malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects

A

Ebstein anomaly

125
Q

a group of anomalies that includes an omphalocele, along eith ectopid cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects

A

pentalogy of Cantrell

126
Q

syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasi, and limb abnormalites

A

Potter syndrome

127
Q

a group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

A

tetralogy of Fallot

128
Q

a disease that leads to a functional bowel obstruction due to the lack of nerve cells within the colon wall

A

Hirschsprung disease

129
Q

a fetus that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age (small for gestational age)

A

intrauterine growth restrictions

130
Q

the congenital abscence of corpus callosum which may be partial or complete

A

agenesis of the corpus callosum

131
Q

fetal hydrops caused by congenital fetal anomalies and infections

A

nonimmune hydrops

132
Q

a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane is indicative of a dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy

A

Lambda sign

133
Q

when vascular products travel from a demised twin to the surviving twin by means of the common vascular channels within the shared placenta

A

twin embolization

134
Q

shunting of venous or arterial blood from one twin to another through placental circulation

A

twin-twin transfusion syndrome

135
Q

the death and reabsorption of a twin

A

vanishing twin

136
Q

cyst found within the umbilical cord

A

allantoid cyst

137
Q

diffuse edema

A

anasarca

138
Q

an abnormally shaped placenta caused by the membranes inserting inward from the edge of the placenta, producing a curled up placental shape

A

circumvallate placenta

139
Q

condition in which there is an incompatibility between the fetal and maternal red blood cells

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

140
Q

total blood loss, to bleed out

A

exsanguination

141
Q

fetal hydrops due to Rh incompatibility

A

immune hydrops

142
Q

the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium in an area where the decidua is either absent or minimal

A

placenta accreta

143
Q

invasion of the placenta within the myometrium

A

placenta increta

144
Q

penetration of the placenta through the uterine serosa and possibly into the adjacent pelvic organs

A

placenta percreta

145
Q

fetal vessels resting over the internal os of the cervix

A

vasa previa

146
Q

the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge

A

velamentous cord insertion

147
Q

an accessory lobe of the placenta

A

succenturiate lobe

148
Q

abnormal cord insertion at the edge of the placenta

A

marginal cord insertion

149
Q

webbed fingers and toes

A

syndactyly

150
Q

birth defect consisting of an Omphalocele, bladder Exstrophy, Imperforate anus, and Spina bifida

A

Cloacal exstrophy (OEIS complex)

Fall 2014 study (9 decks)

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