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CABS - MSK > Sprains, Strains and Fractures > Flashcards

Sprains, Strains and Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

what are ligaments

A

bind bone to bone

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2
Q

what are tendons

A

bind muscle to bone

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3
Q

what are sprains

A

ligament tears

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4
Q

where are sprains most commons in

A

wrist, ankle, elbow and knee

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5
Q

what type of sprain is an avulsion

A

complete tear

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6
Q

what are strains

A

stretch or tear to muscle or tendon

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7
Q

where are strains most common

A

ankle, achilles, hamstrings, biceps, triceps, patellar, hands and feet

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8
Q

what is the presentation of sprains and strain

A

painful
swelling
dislocation/subluxation
limited ROM
instability

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9
Q

when does collagen begin to repair

A

4-5 days after damage

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10
Q

what is tendinopathy

A

tendonitis
inflammatory condition of the tendon
often chronic, repetitive injury

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11
Q

what is the purpose of bursas

A

they cushion and lubricate areas

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12
Q

what are bursa filled with

A

synovial fluid

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13
Q

what is bursitis

A

inflammation or enlargement of bursa usually due to overuse, excess pressure and infection

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14
Q

what is the presentation of bursitis

A

normal ROM (unless limited by discomfort)
swelling
warmth
erythema

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15
Q

where is infected bursitis most common

A

superficial bursa

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16
Q

what is the presentation of infected bursitis

A

erythema, warmth, pain and edema

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17
Q

what are the grades of muscle strains

A

1-3
1: pain w/o deformity
2: muscle body intact but some torn fibers with welling, pain and bruising
3: trauma resulting in tearing of the fascia and muscle - notable deformity

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18
Q

what forms around/between damaged area in a muscle strain

A

hematoma

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19
Q

what phagocytize the necrotic tissue after a muscle strain

A

monocytes

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20
Q

what fills in the scar tissue

A

myoblasts

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21
Q

how long do muscle strains take to heal

A

typically take up to 6 weeks

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22
Q

what is a subluxation

A

partial dislocation

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23
Q

what is a dislocation

A

articulating surfaces of a joint are disrupted and loose contact with eachother

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24
Q

what are the most common dislocation areas within the body

A

shoulder, finger, hip, knee, elbow and wrist

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25
Q

what are other structures that may be damaged in dislcoations

A

capsule
nerves and blood vessels

26
Q

what is the presentation of dislocations

A

painful, limited ROM, deformity, nerve injury and swelling

27
Q

what is entrapped in a nursemaids elbow

A

annular ligament

28
Q

what are the types of displaced fractures

A

bayonetted, distracted, angulated and displaced

29
Q

what are comminuted fractures

A

multiple fragements that make up the fracture due to high velocity injury

30
Q

what is associated with comminuted fractures

A

significant soft tissue injury

31
Q

what is a transverse fracture

A

most common fracture
fracture line is perpendicular to the length of the bone
can be displaced and involves all cortices

32
Q

what is the typical MOA for transverse fractures

A

direct blow to the bone

33
Q

what is an oblique fracture

A

fracture that runs diagonally to the length of the bone
likely to have angulation

34
Q

what is a spiral fracture

A

fracture line runs around the bone

35
Q

what is the MOA for spiral fractures

A

high energy

36
Q

what is an impacted/compression fracutre

A

fracture fragments are pushed into eachother such that bone will appear shorted

37
Q

what bones are typically associated with impacted/compression fractures

A

vertebrae

38
Q

what condition is typically associated with compression fractures

A

osteoporosis

39
Q

what type of fracture is a traction related injury

A

avulsion fracture

40
Q

what is a intracapsular fracture

A

fracture line extends into the joint capsule - also known as intra-articular

41
Q

what is a greenstick fracture

A

outer cortex of one side of the bone fractures with splintering extending into the spongy bone

42
Q

what is the patient population that greenstick fractures are seen in?

A

children and elderly

43
Q

what is a torus fracture

A

another name for buckle fracture

cortex squishes down and bulges outward but the bone does not break

44
Q

what is the MOA for buckle fracture

A

axial loading - FOOSH

45
Q

what is a bowing injury

A

bone will bend instead of snap or crack

46
Q

what is the MOA for bowing injuries

A

longitudinal force

47
Q

what is a stress fracture

A

pathological fracture where the stress placed on the bone is greater than the tensile strength

48
Q

what is a pathologic fracture

A

fracture occurs at the site of disease or weakness

49
Q

what is pathological fractures usually associated with

A

ostoeporosis or bone tumors

50
Q

what effect does a tumor have on a bone

A

may cause up-regulation of osteoclastic activity leading to bone breakdown

51
Q

what type of malignancies lead to bone cancer

A

breast cancer
lung cancer
thyroid cancer
kidney cancer
prostate cancer

52
Q

what is the most common location of bone metastasis

A

the spine

53
Q

what is direct healing of fractures

A

primary healing with the cortex of bone aligns

often through surgical ORIF

54
Q

what is indirect healing fractures

A

secondary healing where callus forms around uneven bone surfaces eventually having remodeling

55
Q

in what time frame after a fracture does a hematoma form

A

day 1-5

56
Q

in what time frame after a fracture does fibrocartilaginous callus begin to form

A

day 5-11

57
Q

in what time frame after a fracture does bony callus begin to form

A

day 11-28

58
Q

what are possible complications of fracture healing

A

non-union
delayed union
malunion

59
Q

what is non-union

A

gap edges between the fractured pieces of bone fills with tissue instead of bone

60
Q

what is delayed union

A

healing is still occurring 8-9 months after initial injury

61
Q

what is malunion

A

incorrect alignment of the bone

CABS - MSK (12 decks)

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