pathophysiology of rheumatologic and joint disorders Flashcards
what is SLE
autoimmune disease hallmarked by large number of autoantibodies against erythrocytes, coagulation cascade proteins, lymphocytes, platelets
what does SLE result in
chronic, multisystem, inflammatory process
when are autoimmune disorders worse
when there is a time of trauma/illness - more DNA in circulation
what causes SLE
thought to be interaction of random events, genetics, hormonal trigger and environmental triggers
-estrogen, infection, smoking, UV light
what organ is most effected in SLE
kidneys
what organs does SLE have affinity for
*glomerular basement membrane
choroid plexus (brain)
heart
spleen
lungs
GI tract
skin
what is the classic presentation of SLE symptoms
malar rash
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
non-erosive arthritis
pericarditis, pleurisy
lupus nephritis
hematologic disorders
what is an ANA
anti-nuclear antibodies
looks for antibodies that are targeted against the host cells
when will ANA increase
SLE, RA, scleroderma
what is systemic sclerosis known as
scleroderma
what is systemic sclerosis
disease process that leads to cutaneous and visceral fibrosis that is rare
skin is the main tissue affected
what is the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis
vascular injury or destruction (reynauds early sign)
tissue fibrosis with increased collagen and CT matrix
immune system activation
what is CREST syndrome
Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotiility, sclerodactlyly, telangectasias
what is sjogrens syndrome
autoimmune disease that affects exocrine syndrome
what is usually affected with sjogrens syndrome
salivary and lacrimal glands
(dry eyes and xerostomia)
what is the most common organism of infectious arthritis
Staph aureus
what is septic arthritis
infection within the joint space
what is the most common joint affected by septic arthritis
knee is the most common affected joint
what is a ganglion cyst
benign lesion, typically asymptomatic but may present with pain, sensory changes, difficulty with functionality
what is damaged in an osteoarthritis joint
damage to the articular cartilage
what part of the bone is remodeled during osteoarthritis
subchondral bone
what may be involved as OA worsens
joint capsule
ligaments
synovial membrane
periarticular muscles
what are the causes of OA
multifactorial:
biomechanics forces
inflammatory processes
congenital deformities
genetic predisposition
joint instability
neuronal sensation (parasthesias)
what is RA
systemic autoimmune disease that classically affects small joints with inflammatory polyarthritis
