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CABS - MSK > MSK infections > Flashcards

MSK infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of osteomyolitis

A

bacteria and also can be associated with fungi, parasites and viruses

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3
Q

what are the mechanisms of spread for osteomyelitis

A

Hematogenous spread and contiguous spread

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4
Q

what patient population is hematogenous spread of osteomyelitis seen in

A

children and IVDU

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5
Q

what comorbidities increases the risk of infection of osteomyelitis

A

IVDU, peripheral vascular disease, DM and ETOH abuse

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6
Q

How does osteomyelitis spread within the bone

A

spreads through cortex openings

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7
Q

what are the two types of osteomyelitis

A

acute and chronic

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8
Q

what is acute osteomyelitis

A

diagnosed within 2 weeks of symptom onset and typically has abrupt onset of symptoms

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9
Q

what is chronic osteomyelitis

A

present for many months
typically more of a smoldering presentation and less dramatic
may have flares of pain with periods of patient being asymptomatic

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10
Q

what is the most common organism in pediatric osteomyelitis

A

S. Aureus

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11
Q

what is the presentation of osteomyelitis

A

depends on acute or chronic presentation
fever, redness, swelling, warmth, limited mobility, pain, lymphadenopathy

may be more vague with malaise, fevers/chills, weight loss and discomfort

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12
Q

what is important about animal bites

A

consider potential for direct inoculation at the time of bite or if symptoms of infection persist despite treatment for soft tissue infection

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13
Q

what is the most common organism in human bites

A

S. aureus

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14
Q

what is the most common organisms in animal bites

A

pasteurella multocida

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15
Q

how is vertebral osteomyelitis usually spread

A

hematogenously unless from hardware

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16
Q

what is the most common location of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

lumbar spine
presents with spinal process pain vs muscular pain

17
Q

what is the best test for osteomyelitis

A

MRI

18
Q

what is septic arthritis

A

infection within the joint space

19
Q

what is the presentation of septic arthritis

A

severe joint pain, fever, actuely ill, pain, swelling, effusion

20
Q

what is the most common joint affected in septic arthritis

A

knee

21
Q

what increases likely risk of septic arthritis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

22
Q

what are the most common pathogens in septic arthritis

A

S. aureous is the most common
pseudomonas aeruginosa in IVDU
Neisseria gonorrheoae in health sexually active adults

23
Q

what is released with inflammation in septic arthritis

A

PMNs will release proteolytic enzymes which can cause destruction of the joint

24
Q

What is lyme arthritis

A

tickborn illness that are spead via deer tick due to borrelia burgdorferi

25
Q

when does lyme arthritis present

A

can occur weeks to years after the initial infection

26
Q

what is borrielia burgdorferi

A

gram negative spirochete
flagella
difficult to culture
prefer collagen rich tissues

27
Q

what are the stages of lyme disease

A

early localized, early disseminated, late stage

28
Q

what is the early stage of lyme disease

A

erythema migrans
flulike illness
local lymphadenopathy

29
Q

what is the early disseminated stage of lyme disease

A

skin
nervous system: CNS infection, VN palsies
Cardiac: transient involvement with AV block, myocarditis
Joints: migratory pain, myalgias

30
Q

what is the late stage of lyme disease

A

marked by lyme arthritis - most commonly involves 1-2 large joints (knee is the most common)
can have chronic neurologic damage with memory impairment, irritability, somnolence

31
Q

what are the different types of periprosthetic joint infections

A

acute and late

32
Q

when do acute periprosthetic joint infections occur

A

first 3 months after surgery and classified as superficial or deep

33
Q

When do late periprosthetic joint infections occur

A

one year after surgery
typically associated with hematogenous spread

34
Q

what forms with chronic periprosthetic joint infections

A

biofilm - infection often spread into the bone or interface of bone and implant

35
Q

what is the most common acute periprosthetic joint infection organism

A

s.aureus
usually without biofilm

CABS - MSK (12 decks)

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