1000ft view muscles

Question 1

what percentage of body weight does muscle make up

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

what percentage of muscle is water

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

what percentage of muscle is protein

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

what is the fascia

Answer 4

connective tissue that encases the muscles individually - helps prevent excessive straining or sudden changes in the speed/position

Question 5

what layer is the perimysium

Answer 5

subdivied into muscle further into fascicles

Question 6

what layer is the epimysium

Answer 6

the outer most layer

Question 7

what is the muscle belly separated into

Answer 7

fascilcles

Question 8

what surrounds the fascicles

Answer 8

perimysium

Question 9

what is the fascicle made up of

Answer 9

muscle fibers

Question 10

what are fibers made of

Answer 10

myofibrils

Question 11

what are myofibrils composed of

Answer 11

thick and thin filaments

Question 12

what does the perimysium cover

Answer 12

fascicles

Question 13

what do muscle fibers make up

Answer 13

the fascicle

Question 14

what do myofibrils make

Answer 14

muscle fibers

Question 15

what do thick and thin filaments make up

Answer 15

myofibrils

Question 16

what does a singular muscle cell contain

Answer 16

multiple myofibrils which are the contracture unit

Question 17

what is the contractile unit of the muscle

Answer 17

multiple myofibrils

Question 18

what surrounds the muscle fiber

Answer 18

sarcolema

Question 19

what allows for propagation of electrical stimulation through muscles

Answer 19

the sarcolema

Question 20

what does the sarcolema surround

Answer 20

muscle fiber

Question 21

what does the sarcolemma allow for

Answer 21

propagation of electrical stimulation through muscles

Question 22

what type of electrical stimulation do muscles have

Answer 22

rapid, simultaneous contraction

Question 23

what are the different types of muscle fibers

Answer 23

fast-twitch fibers (white) and slow-twitch fibers (red)

Question 24

what are fast-twitch fibers

Answer 24

(white)
have large, fast conducting, nerve innervating them

Type 2 fibers and may utilize anaerobic metabolism briefly

Question 25

what are type 1 fibers

Answer 25

slow switch fibers (RED) slower but will continue to contract for longer period of time - aerobic metabolism

Question 26

what does the sarcolemma assist with other than electrical conduction

Answer 26

nutritional transport, protein synthesis Na+/K+ pumps

Question 27

what do T-tubules do

Answer 27

allow for simultaneous spread of electrical stimulation

Question 28

what type of muscles are T-tubules found in

Answer 28

in cardiac and skeletal muscles

Question 29

where do mitochondria lay

Answer 29

within the sarcoplasm and form ATP

Question 30

where are the mitochondria most numerous

Answer 30

the cardiac muscles - as they need more ATP

Question 31

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum help with

Answer 31

calcium transportation

Question 32

how is calcium transported

Answer 32

via sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

what electrolyte is required for contraction of the sarcomere

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

what is calcium needed for

Answer 34

the contraction of the sarcomere

Question 35

What branch of the spinal cord allows for vonuntary control to the skeletal muscles

Answer 35

anterior horn

Question 36

what does the number of muscle fibers being innervated by each nerve brach determine

Answer 36

the rate of muscular fatigue and fine motor movements

Question 37

what determines the rate of muscular fatigue and fine motor movements

Answer 37

the number of muscle fibers being innervated by each nerve branch

Question 38

what do sarcomeres contain

Answer 38

actin and myosin

Question 39

what is the functional, contractile protein of the muscle fibers

Answer 39

myofibrils

Question 40

what runs parallel to the myofibril

Answer 40

sarcomere

Question 41

what separates the sarcomeres

Answer 41

Z disc/Zline

Question 42

what is within the A band

Answer 42

thick myosin filaments

Question 43

what is within the I band

Answer 43

thin actin filaments

Question 44

what protein helps to have the muscle spring back from contraction

Answer 44

Titin

Question 45

where is titin located

Answer 45

Z line

Question 46

what makes up the thick filament

Answer 46

myosin and myosin head

Question 47

what band do myosin create

Answer 47

A band

Question 48

what does myosin utilizing ATP cause

Answer 48

contraction and develops tension

Question 49

What makes up the thin filament

Answer 49

actin tropomyosin Troponin

Question 50

what do actin create

Answer 50

the I band

Question 51

what does actin interact with

Answer 51

myosin heads

Question 52

what is the regulatory protein that helps with actin-myosin activation

Answer 52

troponin and tropomyosin

Question 53

what does tropomyosin help wiht

Answer 53

structural support and maintains the filament length as well as helps with actin-myosin activation

Question 54

what does tropomyosin bind to

Answer 54

troponin to form complex

Question 55

where does calcium bind

Answer 55

troponin

Question 56

what happens when calcium binds to troponin

Answer 56

transform the protein complex and open the binding site

Question 57

what causes the binding sites to open on actin

Answer 57

the binding of calcium to troponin

Question 58

what is the M band

Answer 58

creatinine kinase

Question 59

what band does creatinine kinase make

Answer 59

M band

Question 60

what are the steps in contraction

Answer 60

excitation coupling contraction relaxation

Question 61

what is the resting cellular charge

Answer 61

-90mV

Question 62

what maintains the resting cellular charge

Answer 62

sarcolemma

Question 63

what happens when an action potential reaches the sarcolemmal membrane

Answer 63

trigger action potential will release caclium

Question 64

what happens during the coupling stage

Answer 64

calcium goes to the myofilament the troponin and tropmyosin release actin

Question 65

what happens during the contraction stage

Answer 65

with the release of the troponin, the actin will slide toward the thick filament, the myosin head attaches to the actin forming a cross bridge and ATP is released during this bridging

Question 66

what is cross bridging

Answer 66

when the myosin head attaches to actin

Question 67

what is released during cross bridging

Answer 67

ATP

Question 68

what happens during the relaxation stage

Answer 68

calcium is reabsorbed within the sarcoplasmic reticulum the actin is re-bound release of the bridge and relaxation

Question 69

where is ACH released from

Answer 69

the terminal end at the NMJ

Question 70

what hand shortens with muscle contraction

Answer 70

H band

Question 71

when ACH stops stimulating the NMJ what happens

Answer 71

Ca+ pumped back into the sarcolemma tropomyosin will reform the complex that blocks the ability for actin to bind to myosin and the contraction stops

Question 72

what are the different types of muscle contraction

Answer 72

reflexive tonic phasic

Question 73

what attachment site is immobile during contraction

Answer 73

origin

Question 74

what attachment site moves during contaction

Answer 74

insertion

Question 75

what is the stretch response

Answer 75

activated by spindles which are mechanoreceptors that relay the muscle length, tension and velocity of movemement to ensure appropriate muscle tone

Question 76

what are different types of muscle tissue

Answer 76

cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle

Question 77

how do you describe skeletal muscle

Answer 77

voluntary, striated muscle with several nuclei

Question 78

what creates the striations

Answer 78

sarcomeres

Question 79

how do you describe cardiac muscle

Answer 79

striated involuntary one nucleus per cell arrange in branching networks contains more mitochorndria than skeletal

Question 80

how do you describe smooth muscles

Answer 80

non-striated involuntary uninucleated fusiform cell more elastic spread of depolarization allows for a spiral corkscrew pattern

Question 81

what are the different types of smooth muscles

Answer 81

unitary: visceral smooth muscle and multiunit

Question 82

what types of smooth muscles are unitary

Answer 82

GI and GU tract controlled by autonomic NS electrically coupled to each other to create a rhythmic contraction

Question 83

what types of smooth muscles are multiunit

Answer 83

pupils for dilatation/constriction, bronchial smooth muscle, tunica media and erector pili