Spots Part Bs: External Heart Flashcards
Name the layers of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Visceral Serous Pericardium
Parietal Serous pericardium
Which heart chambers meet along the coronary sulcus?
Atria and ventricles
What is meant by left coronary dominance?
The posterior descending artery arises from the left coronary artery
Where is the apex beat of the heart usually palpated?
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
What term is used to the describe the upper funnel shaped part of the ventricle leading to the artery?
Infundibulum or conus arteriosis
What are the surface markings of the inferior border of the heart?
From the sternal 6th right costal cartilage to the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line
What chambers of the heart form the inferior border?
Mostly the right ventricle with the left ventricle at the apex
A patient complains of difficulty swallowing. Radiological investigations reveal compression on the oesophagus by the base of the heart. Which chamber of the heart is compressing the oesophagus?
Left atrium
List the structures which normally form the anterior surface of the heart
Composed mostly of the right ventricle; some of left ventricle on left side and some of right atrium on right side
What are the surface markings of the superior border of the heart?
3rd right costal cartilage to the 2nd left intercostal space
List the features which form the superior border of the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
What are the surface markings of the left border of the heart.
2nd left intercostal space to apex of heart
List the features which form the left border of the heart.
Left ventricle mostly and slightly by the left auricle
What areas are usually supplied by the right coronary artery?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Posterior left ventricle
Some of the left atrium
Interatrial septum
Part of the interventricular septum
60% of the population’s SA node
80% of the population’s AV node
Investigations were performed on a patient complaining of chest
pain. They revealed decreased blood supply to the muscle of the
diaphragmatic surface of the heart. Which coronary artery is most likely
occluded in this patient?
Posterior descending branch of the right coronary artery
Where does the posterior descending artery descend in?
Interventricular groove
Coronary angiography is performed on a patient. A thrombus in
the left coronary artery is visible on the coronary angiogram. List
the areas usually supplied by left Coronary Artery.
Most of the left atrium
Most of the left ventricle
part of the right ventricle
most of the interventricular septum
AV bundle of conducting tissue
SA node in 40% of individuals
Which parts of the heart will be damaged as a result of occlusion of the left coronary artery?
Left atrium and left ventricle
During coronary catheterisation, a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. List the vessels it passes through to reach the origin of the coronary arteries.
Femoral artery
External iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Abdominal aorta
Descending thoracic aorta
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Coronary arteries
What are the surface markings of the right border of the heart?
From 3rd right costal cartilage to 6th right costal cartilage
Which chambers of the heart form the right border of the heart?
Right atrium
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
The remnant of the embryonic connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
Explain the relevance of the ligamentum arteriosum in the foetus.
During embryology, the lungs are not functional, so blood is shunted through the ductus arteriosus from pulmonary trunk into aortic arch thus bypassing the lungs.
Which major artery supplies the atrioventricular node in the majority of the population?
right coronary artery
Which vein accompanies the marginal branch of the right coronary artery?
small cardiac vein
Which vein accompanies the left anterior descending artery?
Great cardiac vein
Which vein accompanies the posterior descending artery?
Middle cardiac vein
A patient with pericarditis experiences pain in the shoulder region. Why?
Referred pain
Phrenic nerve carries fibers to C3, C4, C5
Shoulder is dermatome for C4
Where should a surgeon insert her fingers to showcase the oblique pericardial sinus?
Under the apex of the heart and move upwards into the recess between the pericardium and the posterior surface of the heart
Name the vessels that bound the oblique pericardial sinus.
Pulmonary veins
During surgery, the surgeon inserts his index finger through the transverse pericardial sinus. Which vessels lie anterior to his finger?
Pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
Why is cardiac function impaired in cardiac tamponade?
Pericardial cavity is confined space so excess fluid in the cavity compresses the heart
which coronary artery supplies the sinoatrial node in the majority of individuals?
Right coronary artery
