Overview of Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the three types of arteries found in the CVS?
Elastic
Muscular
Arteriole
What is the conducting vessel of the arterial system?
Aorta
What three parts make up the aorta?
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
What branches come off the ascending aorta?
Coronary arteries
What branches come off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What is the terminal branch of the descending aorta?
Abdominal aorta becomes the common iliac arteries
What patterns of arterial branching exist?
Bifurcation - common iliac arteries
Side-branches - peroneal artery off of posterior tibial artery
Many large branches at same point
What are the three types of veins?
Superficial
Deep
Sinuses
What is a sinus?
Vein enlarged immediately on cardiac side of valve
Where are valves absent?
Head
Vertebral column
Many viscera
How would one describe varicose veins?
Dilated, tortuous and elongaetd
What is an anastomose?
Interconnexions between arterial branches
What is a portal system?
Vascular system that begins and ends at a capillary bed with no pumping mechanism in between
What is the mediastinum?
Central region of thoracic cavity, between lungs
Name a structure in the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum.
Anterior - thymus
Middle- Heart
Posterior - oesophagus
What is the sternal angle/ Angle of Louis?
Joint between manubrium and body of sternum
What is the angle of Louis at the level of?
Aortic arch, T4, T5
What is visceral pain?
Viscus
Poorly localised
Spread over greater area than surface projection of organ
Viscus innervated by several spinal nerves
What causes visceral pain?
Inflammation
Smooth muscle spasm
Dilation of hollow organ
Anoxia
Stretching of mesenteries
What is somatic pain?
Skin and superficial tissues
Precisely localised
What causes somatic pain?
Inflammation
Cutting
Burning/Freezing
