Sports Psychology Flashcards
Psychological skills training (P.S.T.)
Systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater sport and physical activity self-satisfaction
Methods of P.S.T.
Behavior modification Cognitive theory and therapy Rational emotive therapy Goal setting Attentional control Progressive muscle relaxation Systematic desensitization
Earliest mental training model
Self-regulation of arousal Confidence Attentional focusing Distraction control Goal setting
Goal of systematically practice of P.S.T. is to acquire these psychological skills:
Maintaining and focusing concentration
Regulating arousal levels
Enhancing confidence
Maintaining motivation
Mental toughness= being in the zone
Athlete’s ability to focus ability to rebound from failure ability to cope with pressure Determination to persist in the face of adversity Mental resilience
Model defining mental toughness
Control: handling many things at once; remaining influential rather than controlled
Commitment: being deeply involved with pursuing goals despite difficulties
Challenge: perceiving potential threats as opportunities for personal growth and thriving in constantly changing environments
Confidence: maintaining belief in the self despite setbacks
Mental toughness is an interaction between the person and the environment
Individual and perception of the situation of the situation determines the wihether the individual acts in a mentally tough manner
Building mental toughness (techniques)
Creating a positive motivational practice environment
Intense competitive practices
Creating simulations (pressure)
Setting specific goals
Providing instructional and supportive feedback
Building confidence through rigorous physical preparation and conditioning
Enhancing attentional control through self-state,meets
Making appropriate attributions for success and failure
Superior performance intelligence
Knowing how to maximize your potential
Knowing how to work with your environment
Knowing how to deliver high performance
Why sports and exercise participants neglect PST
Lack of knowledge: know how is missing, implicit assumption: player knows how to concrete and relax but is just not doing it
Misunderstandings about psychological skills
Lack of time
Myths about PST
PST is for ‘problem’ athletes only
PST is for elite training only
PST provides ‘quick fix’ solutions
PST is not useful
PST knowledge base
Research on elite athletes
Experiences of athletes and coaches
3 phases of PST
Educational phase: participants must recognize how important it is to acquire psychological skills and how the skills affect performance
Acquisition phase: focus on strategies and techniques for learning the various psychological skills
Practice phase: automate skills, teach people to systematically integrate psychological skills into competition
Self regulation
Ability to work toward one‘s short- and long-term goals by effectively monitoring and managing one‘s thoughts, feelings, and behavior
—> ultimate goal of PST
Five stage model of athlete self-regulation
Problem identification
Commitment to change
Execution: self-evaluate, self-Monitore, develop appropriate expectancies
Environment management: planning and deriving strategies for managing the social and physical environment
Generalization stage: sustaining efforts over time and extending behaviors to new conditions and settings
