Lecture-part1 Flashcards
Social psychology
The scientific study of the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of individuals in a social context
What does social psychology study?
How people are influenced by others and by situational variables
How people make decisions
Inferences about others‘ attitudes and personalities
How we make sense of the world
Characterizing social psychology
Proximal: factors in here& now —> immediately precede what one does
Distal: factors having remote or indirect causal influence on outcome
Themes in social psychology
The power of the situation
The role of construal
Automatic vs. controlled processing
Cultural differences in self definition
Lewin‘s theory (the power of the situation)
B=f(E,P)—> behavior is an interaction between environment and personal differences
The role of construal
People perceive (construe, analyze) Same stimulus is different ways (Gestalt psyc.)
Automatic vs. controlled processing
Automatic: fast/ emotional—> impulses, habits, beliefs
Controlled: slow/ effortful/ logical—> reflection, planning, problem solving
Cultural differences in self definition
Independent (individualistic) vs. interdependent (collectivist) cultures
Fear appeals
Persuasive messages that attempt to arouse fear by emphasizing the potential danger and harm that will befall individuals if they do not adopt recommendations
Fear appeals work better…
When they include high depicted severity and susceptibility—> perceived as a serious personal threat
When accompanied by self-or response-efficacy message
Positive reinforcement vs. negative punishment
Task performance increases with increasing reward
Much larger increase in task performance when punished
Naming and shaming vs. naming and faming
Organizations are willing to change behavior to avoid financial consequences resulting from reputation loss
Nudging
Covert changes in the environment that unconsciously guide behavior in a certain direction
People tend to forget about desired behavior
Dual process theory (automatic processing)
Modeling
Learning principles based on imitation
Role models which are attractive and are recognized by target group
