Sports Psychology Flashcards
what is a skill
A skill is learned actions or learned behaviours with the intention of bringing about predetermined results with maximum certainty and the minimum outlay of time and energy
what is an ability
An ability is inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill
what does SMART stand for?
Specific Measurable Accepted Realistic Time-bound
What does Specific mean?
Specific means the goal must be specific to the demands of the sport, the muscles used or the movements used
What does Measurable mean?
Measurable means it must be possible to measure whether the goals set have been met
What does Accepted mean?
Accepted means these goals must be accepted by the performer and any others involved in setting the goals, such as a coach or teacher
What does Realistic mean?
Realistic means the goals must actually be possible to complete or achieve
What does Time-bound mean?
Time-bound is a set period of time must be imposed
what are the 2 types of goal setting
performance goals
outcome goals
What is a performance goal
Performance goals are personal standards to be achieved. This type of goal is when performers compare themselves against what they have already done. There is no comparison to other performers.
what is an outcome goal
Outcome goals are where the focus is on the end result, such as winning
What are the different types of classification of skills
Basic/ complex
open/ closed
self-paced/ externally paced
Gross/ fine
What are basic/ complex skills
basic skills: walking, jogging, jumping throwing
complex skills: pole vault
what are open/ closed skills
An open skill is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing/ unstable environment
A closed skill is not affected by the environment, the skill tends to be performed the same way each time
Examples of open/ closed skills
A footballer taking part in a match is in a constantly changing environment
A trampolinist’s environment doesn’t change and performs the skill the same each time
What are Self-paced/ externally paced skills
A self paced skill is one which is started when the performer decides to start it. Eg: tennis serve you decide when to throw the ball up
Example of Self-paced/ externally paced skills
Eg: tennis serve you decide when to throw the ball up
Eg: receiving the ball from a tennis serve would be started by your opponent serving to you
what are gross/ fine skills
A gross movement is when a large amount of muscles/ muscle groups to perform big movements
A fine movement is a small and precise showing high levels of accuracy
examples of fine/ gross movement
Eg: lay-up shot in basketball
Eg: A net drop volley in doubles tennis
Define input
Input is what has been received from sight hearing and touch
Define Decision making
Decision making is where the performer has to make a choice or response from their memory short term or long term
Define Output
Output is when the information that’s been processed is sent to the muscles in order to be able to carry selected and desired response.
Define Feedback
Feedback is received by performers themselves intrinsic or extrinsic feedback`
What are the different types of guidance
Visual
verbal
manual
mechanical
what is short term memory
short term memory is when it’s retained for about 30 seconds
What is long term memory
long term memory is when it’s retained from as far as months or years ago
what is intrinsic feedback
Intrinsic feedback is when you receive feedback from your muscles telling you if you’ve done it right or wrong
what is extrinsic feedback
Extrinsic is when you receive feedback from a coach or teacher
What are the different types of feedback?
Positive negative
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
Extrinsic intrinsic feedback
What is positive/ negative feedback
positive is telling the performer what is good about their performance
negative is telling the performer what is bad about their performance
What is knowledge of results feedback
this is the feedback the performer gets through the end result of their performance or by being told that by an observer
What is knowledge of performance feedback
this is how the performer feels about their actions from the performance that has just taken place
What is Extrinsic/ intrinsic feedback
either from themselves (intrinsic) or from others (extrinsic)
what is arousal
A physical and mental state of alertness or readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement or alertness
What do gross movement skills require
large muscle groups to perform big strong powerful movements
what do fine movement skills require
small and precise movements that require high levels of accuracy on co-ordination
What arousal level do gross movements require
higher levels or arousal
What arousal level do fine movements require
lower levels of arousal
What are the 3 types of stress management
Deep breathing
mental rehearsal
positive self talk
What do you do in mental rehearsal
Cognitive relaxation techniques involving control of mental thoughts and imagining positive outcomes
What do you do in positive self talk
developing cognitive positive thoughts about your own performance
What is stress
Physical, mental or emotional strain or tension
What are the two types of aggression
direct aggression
indirect aggression
What is direct aggression
this is aimed directly at another player or performer and it involves some form of physical contact`
what is indirect aggression
This is aggression does not involve any physical contact. this aggression is taken out on an object. Eg@ tennis ball
What are the two types of personalities
Extrovert
introvert
What is an extrovert
enjoy interacting with others sociable tend to play in team games concentration levels are lower gross skills are commonly used
What is an introvert
shy and quiet
enjoy being on their own
play individual sports where concentration and fine skills are required
What are the two types of motivation
Intrinsic
extrinsic
What is intrinsic motivation
self drive from within: Pride satisfaction
If a runner gets a new PB is an example of extrinsic motivation
what is extrinsic motivation
Drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external rewards such as money. This is provided from another source/ person
Positives of intrinsic motivation
It’s more effective so it’s more commonly used
more likely to lead to continued effort and participation
Positives/ negatives of extrinsic motivation
the overuse of extrinsic motivation can undermine the benefits of using intrinsic feedback
a performer can be reliant on extrinsic motivation
