Sports Psychology 2

Question 1

Skill

Answer 1

A learned action with the intention of bringing about a pre-determined result.

Question 2

Ability

Answer 2

An inherited stable trait that determines an individual’s potential to acquire more skills.

Question 3

4 skill continuum’s

Answer 3

Basic>complex
Open>closed
Self-paced>externally-paced
Gross>fine

Question 4

Basic skill characteristics

Answer 4

Few decisions
Little concentration/ thought required
Few decisions actually affect success
Taught as beginner and learnt fairly quickly

Question 5

Complex skill characteristics

Answer 5

Complex decision making
Many decisions affect success
Require time, coordination and concentration
Taught after success in basic skills

Question 6

Basic sporting examples

Answer 6

Walking
Jogging
Throwing/catching

Question 7

Complex sporting example, why?

Answer 7

High jump as requires coordinated running in accurate bend, followed by correctly timed trajectorial jump including effective body position to clear bar.

Question 8

Open skill

Answer 8

A skill performed to deal w a changing/unstable environment.

Question 9

Example of an open skill

Answer 9

Football pass

Question 10

closed skill

Answer 10

A skill not affected by external factors

Question 11

Eg of closed skill

Answer 11

Darts

Question 12

Self-paced skill

Answer 12

Skill that’s started when a performer decides. Speed, rate and pace are controlled throughout.

Eg high jump/long jump

Question 13

Externally-paced skill

Answer 13

Skill that’s started due to external factors; speed, rate and pace are also affected by these.

Eg football pass

Question 14

Gross skill

Answer 14

A skill using large muscle groups to perform big, strong, powerful movements.

Eg rugby tackle

Question 15

Fine skill

Answer 15

Skill involving small, precise movements showing high levels of accuracy and coordination involving use of small muscle groups.

Eg archery and darts

Question 16

Why do we set goals/targets in sport?

Answer 16

To improve skill level
To motivate
To aspire to achieve
Prepare for a performance

Question 17

Outcome goal

Answer 17

Goal linked to an end result.

Eg winning a comp

Question 18

Performance goal

Answer 18

Goal set as personal standard to be achieved, not to be compared w other performers.

Eg scoring a new PB

Question 19

Which type of goals may beginners set?

Answer 19

Performance as failure is likely when compared to other athletes and may be demotivating. More achievable to aim to beat oneself.

Question 20

Which type of goals may elite athletes set?

Answer 20

Outcome goals as success is likely, especially against fellow athletes. Would still remain persistent, even after failure.

Question 21

Acronym for when setting goals

Answer 21

S(pecific)
M(easurable)
A(ccepted)
R(ealistic)
T(ime-bound)

Question 22

Information-processing

Answer 22

Process that a performer goes through when making decisions and acting on them.

Question 23

Input

Answer 23

Sensory organs detect change in stimuli within environment, allowing you to carry out SELECTIVE ATTENTION.

Question 24

Selective attention

Answer 24

When the performer filters out relevant/irrelevant info.

Eg may block out crowd cheering and focus on opponents on pitch.

Question 25

Decision-making

Answer 25

Analysis of input allows for reliance on short/long term memory to select an appropriate response to a changing environment. Select apt reaction based on similar prior event from long-term memory which will remain in short-term memory until attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 26

Output

Answer 26

Based on decision making, impulses from brain will travel to selected muscles to go on and carry out the selected action.

Question 27

Feedback

Answer 27

Received extrinsically/intrinsically from performer, regarding success of action. Will go into short/long term memory.

Question 28

Example of extrinsic motivation

Answer 28

Crowd cheering

Question 29

Example of intrinsic motivation

Answer 29

Positioning of the ball

Question 30

Short-term memory

Answer 30

Response selected from long term memory is used to carry out a selected action which is then stored short term memory. Will be lost if attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 31

Long-term memory

Answer 31

Store of well-learnt past experiences. If is relevant to what is required currently, is compared from long-term memory to info in short-term memory so apt decision can be made/ executed.