Sports Psychology 2 Flashcards
Skill
A learned action with the intention of bringing about a pre-determined result.
Ability
An inherited stable trait that determines an individual’s potential to acquire more skills.
4 skill continuum’s
Basic>complex
Open>closed
Self-paced>externally-paced
Gross>fine
Basic skill characteristics
Few decisions
Little concentration/ thought required
Few decisions actually affect success
Taught as beginner and learnt fairly quickly
Complex skill characteristics
Complex decision making
Many decisions affect success
Require time, coordination and concentration
Taught after success in basic skills
Basic sporting examples
Walking
Jogging
Throwing/catching
Complex sporting example, why?
High jump as requires coordinated running in accurate bend, followed by correctly timed trajectorial jump including effective body position to clear bar.
Open skill
A skill performed to deal w a changing/unstable environment.
Example of an open skill
Football pass
closed skill
A skill not affected by external factors
Eg of closed skill
Darts
Self-paced skill
Skill that’s started when a performer decides. Speed, rate and pace are controlled throughout.
Eg high jump/long jump
Externally-paced skill
Skill that’s started due to external factors; speed, rate and pace are also affected by these.
Eg football pass
Gross skill
A skill using large muscle groups to perform big, strong, powerful movements.
Eg rugby tackle
Fine skill
Skill involving small, precise movements showing high levels of accuracy and coordination involving use of small muscle groups.
Eg archery and darts
Why do we set goals/targets in sport?
To improve skill level
To motivate
To aspire to achieve
Prepare for a performance
Outcome goal
Goal linked to an end result.
Eg winning a comp
Performance goal
Goal set as personal standard to be achieved, not to be compared w other performers.
Eg scoring a new PB
Which type of goals may beginners set?
Performance as failure is likely when compared to other athletes and may be demotivating. More achievable to aim to beat oneself.
Which type of goals may elite athletes set?
Outcome goals as success is likely, especially against fellow athletes. Would still remain persistent, even after failure.
Acronym for when setting goals
S(pecific) M(easurable) A(ccepted) R(ealistic) T(ime-bound)
Information-processing
Process that a performer goes through when making decisions and acting on them.
Input
Sensory organs detect change in stimuli within environment, allowing you to carry out SELECTIVE ATTENTION.
Selective attention
When the performer filters out relevant/irrelevant info.
Eg may block out crowd cheering and focus on opponents on pitch.
Decision-making
Analysis of input allows for reliance on short/long term memory to select an appropriate response to a changing environment. Select apt reaction based on similar prior event from long-term memory which will remain in short-term memory until attention is directed elsewhere.
Output
Based on decision making, impulses from brain will travel to selected muscles to go on and carry out the selected action.
Feedback
Received extrinsically/intrinsically from performer, regarding success of action. Will go into short/long term memory.
Example of extrinsic motivation
Crowd cheering
Example of intrinsic motivation
Positioning of the ball
Short-term memory
Response selected from long term memory is used to carry out a selected action which is then stored short term memory. Will be lost if attention is directed elsewhere.
Long-term memory
Store of well-learnt past experiences. If is relevant to what is required currently, is compared from long-term memory to info in short-term memory so apt decision can be made/ executed.
