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GCSE AQA PE > (Physio )Applied Anatomy And Physiology and movement analysis > Flashcards

(Physio )Applied Anatomy And Physiology and movement analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Head bone

A

Cranium

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2
Q

Jaw bone

A

Mandible

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3
Q

Shoulder blades

A

Scapula

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4
Q

Upper arm bone

A

Humerus

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5
Q

Lower arm bones

A

Radius and ulna

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6
Q

Hand bones

A

Carpels, metacarpals and phalanges

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7
Q

Collar bone

A

Clavicle

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8
Q

Bones from neck through to bottom of back

A

Vertebrae

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9
Q

Bum bone

A

Pelvic girdle

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10
Q

Upper leg bone

A

Femur

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11
Q

Knee bone

A

Patella

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12
Q

Lower leg bones

A

Tibia and fibula

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13
Q

Bones in foot

A

Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

Protecting vital organs. (Eg pelvic gurdle, cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula)

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15
Q

Long bones

A

Enable gross movements. (Eg femur, radius, ulna)

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16
Q

Short bones

A

Enable finer and more controlled movement. (Eg: carpals and tarsals)

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17
Q

Irregular bones

A

Specifically shaped bones to protect. ( eg vertebrae and mandible)

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18
Q

Articulating bones at the shoulder

A

Scapula and humerus

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19
Q

Articulating bones at the hip

A

Femur and pelvis

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20
Q

Articulating bones t the elbow

A

Radius, ulna and humerus

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21
Q

Articulating bones at the knee

A

Tibia, fibulae or femur

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22
Q

Articulating bones at the ankle

A

Tibia, tarsals, fibular

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23
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

Support, protection, movement, structural shape, blood cell production and storage of minerals

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24
Q

How does the skeleton produce movement?

A

They work as anchor points for muscles as they attach to them via tendons. As muscles contract, movement is enabled

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25
Q

How do bones produce blood cells?

A

They contain bone marrow in them which produces red and white blood cells.

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26
Q

What minerals do bones contain?

A

They store 99% of calcium and 85% of phosphorus.

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27
Q

Joint

A

Where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement

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28
Q

Synovial joint

A

A joint that’s freely moveable

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29
Q

Where are synovial joints located?

A

Shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle and hip

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30
Q

What are the two types of synovial joint?

A

Hinge

Ball and socket

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31
Q

Hinge joint

A

Allow movement in one direction (eg elbow and knee).

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32
Q

Ball and socket

A

Head/ball of a long bone fitting into the cup like end of another bone tp allow movement in 3 dimensions in a rotary motion. (Eg shoulder and hip)

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33
Q

Fixed joint

A

A joint that allows little\no movement (eg skull).

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34
Q

Partially moveable joint

A

A joint with restricted movement.

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35
Q

Ligament

A

Connects bone to bone

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36
Q

Tendon

A

Connects bone to muscle

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37
Q

How does the ligament affect the knee joint ?

A

It stabilises the joint

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38
Q

How does cartilage affect the knee joint?

A

It acts as a shock absorber, reducing friction.

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39
Q

How does synovial fluid affect the knee joint.

A

It lubricates the joint.

40
Q

How does the synovial membrane affect the knee joint?

A

It’s the joint lining that produces synovial fluid.

41
Q

How does the tendon affect the knee joint?

A

It attaches the bone to muscle, enabling movement. Is nonelastic.

42
Q

How does the join capsule affect the knee joint?

A

Encloses the joint, holding it together and preventing fluid from escaping.

43
Q

How does the bursar affect the knee joint?

A

It reduces friction between the joint.

44
Q

How does the patella aid the knee joint?

A

It enables knee extension.

45
Q

Sesamoid

A

A bone within a tendon.

46
Q

Flexión

A

Movement where the angle between the bones decrease

47
Q

Extension

A

Movement where the angle between the bones increase.

48
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing of the foot towards the ground.

49
Q

Doris flexion

A

Pointing of the foot towards the knee.

50
Q

Abduction

A

Movement where limbs are moved away from the body.

51
Q

Adduction

A

Movement where the limbs are moved back towards the body.

52
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of a limb along its axis.

53
Q

What can ball and socket joints do?

A

Rotation, adduction, abduction, flexion, extension

54
Q

What can hinge joints do?

A

Flexion/extension

Doris/plantar flexion

55
Q

Antagonistic pairs working at the elbow

A

Biceps (antagonist)

Triceps (agonist)

56
Q

Antagonistic pair at the hip joint

A 
Hip flexor (antagonist on adduction)
Gluteals (agonist)
57
Q

Antagonistic pair at the knee joint

A

Quadriceps (antagonist)

Hamstring (agonist on flexion)

58
Q

Antagonistic pair at the ankle joint

A 
Gastrocnemius (antagonist on dorsiflexion)
Tibialus anterior (agonist on Doris flexion)
59
Q

Muscle at shoulder

A

Rotator cuff

60
Q

Chest muscles

A

Pectorals

61
Q

Stomach muscles

A

Abdominals

62
Q

Muscle at hip

A

Hip flexor

63
Q

Muscle on front of calf

A

Tibialus anterior

64
Q

Back muscle

A

Deltoid

Trapezium

65
Q

Side muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi

66
Q

Bum muscles

A

Gluteals

67
Q

Bottom of thigh muscles

Top of thigh

A

Hamstring

Quadriceps

68
Q

Calf muscle

A

Gastrocnemius

69
Q

Ankle muscles

A

Saleus

70
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover

Muscle that contracts to create movement

71
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that relaxes to enable movement

72
Q

Shoulder joint agonist in abduction vs adduction

A

Deltoid on abduction

Lastissimus dorsi on adduction

73
Q

Shoulder joint agonist on rotation

A

Rotator cuff

74
Q

Isometric

A

Contractions at fixed joints where there’s no movement and therefore no change in muscle length. Is static.
Eg headstand and plank

75
Q

Isotonic

A

Contraction with movement and therefore a change in muscle length.
Eg throwing a javelin.

76
Q

Concentric isotonic

A

(Upwards) movement where the muscle shortens

77
Q

Eccentric isotonic

A

(Downwards)

Movement where the muscle lengthens.

78
Q

Levers function

A

Allow us to create movement greater than force applied.

79
Q

3 parts of a lever

A

Fulcrum
Load
Effort

80
Q

Fulcrum

A

Fixed part of lever system, allowing pivoting.

81
Q

Load

A

Weight that the lever must move, working against force of effort.

82
Q

Effort

A

Force applied to move load/resistance.

83
Q

3 classes of levers

A

First
Second
Third

84
Q

First class lever system

A

Fulcrum in middle

85
Q

Example of first class lever system

A

Tricep extension
F - elbow joint
L- weight
E- tricep

86
Q

Lever system w highest medical advantage

A

2nd class lever system

87
Q

2nd class lever system

A

Load in middle

88
Q

Example of 2nd class lever system

A

Plantar flexion
F ball of foot
L body mass
E gastrocnemius

89
Q

3rd class lever system

A

Effort in middle

90
Q

3rd class lever system example

A

Bicep curl
F -elbow joint
E- bicep
L-weight

91
Q

Formula for mechanical advantage

A

Effort arm/ resistance arm

92
Q

High mechanical advantage
Positives?
Negatives?

A

1<
Larger forceproduced w same effort.
Smaller range of movement.

93
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surface running through body which movements happen parallel to.

94
Q

Axis

A

Imaginary line perpendicular to planes about which body rotates/spins.

95
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing body into left and right sides.

Eg. Flexion/extension

96
Q

Frontal plane

A

Plane dividing body into front and back.

Eg. Abduction/ adduction

GCSE AQA PE (7 decks)

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