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GCSE AQA PE > Sports Psychology 1 > Flashcards

Sports Psychology 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

4 types of guidance

A

Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical

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2
Q

Verbal guidance

A

Guidance involving feedback / instructions to guide/correct a skill.

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3
Q

Positives of verbal feedback

A

Can be used alongside visual guidance.
Questioning can prompt performer to self-evaluate
Use of keywords focus on technique
Useful when clear, short and relevant.

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4
Q

Negatives of verbal feedback

A

Can be complicated for beginners.
Need to be given in calm, quiet environment.
Need to be constructive, specific and accurate
Can only remember limited amount of spoken info
Not useful for beginners or young people.

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5
Q

Visual guidance

A

When a performer can see the skill being performed/practiced. A demonstration to enable further understanding.

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6
Q

Positives of visual guidance

A

Useful for beginners/ visual learners
Allows performer to clearly see and so copy
Breaks down skill so is less complex
Useful when demo is correct/clear

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7
Q

Negatives of visual guidance

A

Example should be accurate
Needs to be detailed and specific for elite performers
Demotivating if performer can’t complete skill
Ineffective if performer’s sight is blocked

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8
Q

Manual guidance

A

Physical movement of the performer into the correct position.

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9
Q

Example of verbal guidance

A

Feedback to football players at half time

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10
Q

Example of visual guidance

A

Demo of front crawl in swimming

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11
Q

Example of manual guidance

A

Holding someone in a headstand position

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12
Q

Positives of manual guidance

A

Promotes confidence
Reduces risk of injury
Allows experience of skill before thorough learning

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13
Q

Negatives of manual guidance

A

Learner may become dependent on support
Has little kinaesthetic value
Child safety issues
Difficult in large groups

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14
Q

Mechanical guidance

A

Using learning aids to help a performer learn/practice the skill.

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15
Q

Example of mechanical guidance

A

Using a float in swimming

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16
Q

Positives of mechanical guidance

A

Ensures safety
Promotes confidence
Gives idea of kinaesthetic movement

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17
Q

Negatives of mechanical guidance

A

Expensive equipment
Don’t learn from mistakes
Can become dependent
Can’t be done in large groups

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18
Q

Useful guidance for beginners

A

Need visual guidance to understand what skill looks like, especially good combined w verbal (not too long/complex)
May need mechanical / manual guidance to support them through the technique

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19
Q

Useful guidance for elite

A

Unlikely to need visual guidance other than to highlight minor faults. Verbal guidance can be longer/ more complex. Unlikely to need manual/ mechanical

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20
Q

Feedback

A

The info a performer receives about their performance and how they should develop/improve it.

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21
Q

Types of feedback

Acronym?

A 
Results (knowledge of)
Extrinsic
Positive
Performance (knowledge of)
Intrinsic 
Negative

REPPIN

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22
Q

Positive feedback

A

Informs performer on what was correct about performance

Important for beginners as is motivating and so doesn’t knock confidence

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23
Q

Negative feedback

A

Informs performer as to what was incorrect about performance.

(Unimportant for elite performers as improves faults)

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24
Q

Knowledge of results

Study These Flashcards
A

Focuses on success of achievement of outcome goal set out for.

(Unimportant for beginners as they aren’t as experienced as to actual performance)

25
Knowledge of performance
Provides more detail as to quality of performance, not end result. Relates to individual’s movements or specific technique.
26
Extrinsic motivation
Feedback from outside performers, often verbally by coach. | Good for beginners as may not know how to improve as have poor knowledge of performance so need outsider’s perspective
27
Intrinsic motivation
Info received from within the performer via senses/muscles. | Unimportant for elite performers as will have more knowledge of performance so will know how to improve
28
Beginners feedback
Positive Knowledge of results Extrinsic
29
Elite’s feedback
Negative feedback Knowledge of performance Intrinsic feedback
30
Arousal
A physical/mental state of alertness/readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement.
31
Drive theory
Theory that increase in performance correlates w increase in arousal.
32
Inverted u theory
Theory that as arousal level increases, so does level of performance up to an optimum point in which after, performance decreases as have become over-aroused and so too anxious. Different sports/ positions have different optimum arousal levels.
33
Low optimum arousal sport
Darts/snooker | Skill requiring fine and precise movements
34
High optimum arousal sport
Weightlifting/sprinting | Requires gross movements, involving power
35
Under aroused
Lack of concentration, focus and motivation. | Low performance levels
36
Moderate level of arousal
Max performance level and concentration. Reaction time will be quicker and correct levels of emotion for situation.
37
Over arousal
``` Loss of focus and cues Anxiety Bad decision making Aggressive Low performance levels ```
38
Stress management techniques
``` Deep breathing Mental rehearsal Imagery Visualisation Positive self-talk ```
39
Deep breathing
Exaggeration of breaths in and out. Controls arousal and focuses on task in hand. Reduces heart rate and feelings of nervousness.
40
Mental rehearsal
Performer pictures themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it.
41
Imagery
Involves performer imagining themselves in a calm and relaxing place to reduce anxiety.
42
Visualisation
Performer will picture an aspect of performance to remind them to maintain correct technique.
43
Positive self-talk
Performer gives themselves positive and reassuring instructions, allowing them to remain focussed and motivated on task.
44
Direct aggression
Aggression involving physical contact. Eg, sticking out elbows in netball, rugby tackle, boxer punch
45
Indirect aggression
Doesn’t involve physical contact but rather aggression aimed at an abject in order to gain advantage over opposition, Eg tennis smash shot
46
2 main personality types
Introvert | Extrovert
47
Introvert
Humble Modest Quiet (May suit individual sports like cycling)
48
Extrovert
Confident Outgoing Arrogant (May suit team sports)
49
Motivation
The drive and desire someone has to want to achieve.
50
Types of motivation
Extrinsic | Intrinsic
51
Intrinsic motivation
Drive that comes from within the performer. | Eg pride, enjoyment, self satisfaction, personal achievement
52
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation from another source / person through external rewards
53
Tangible rewards
Certificates Trophies Medals
54
Intangible rewards
Praise Feedback Applause
55
Negatives of intrinsic
Overuse of extrinsic motivation can undermine intrinsic so forget why playing. Pride and accomplishment of external rewards can be a more effective motivator to some
56
Benefit of intrinsic
More likely to lead to continued effort and participation
57
Extrinsic negatives
Performer can become too reliant on it | May not be enough for some players
58
Benefits of extrinsic motivation
Not all rewards are overused | Can work well w intrinsic

GCSE AQA PE (7 decks)

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