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GCSE AQA PE > Sports Psychology 1 > Flashcards

Sports Psychology 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 types of guidance

A

Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical

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2
Q

Verbal guidance

A

Guidance involving feedback / instructions to guide/correct a skill.

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3
Q

Positives of verbal feedback

A

Can be used alongside visual guidance.
Questioning can prompt performer to self-evaluate
Use of keywords focus on technique
Useful when clear, short and relevant.

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4
Q

Negatives of verbal feedback

A

Can be complicated for beginners.
Need to be given in calm, quiet environment.
Need to be constructive, specific and accurate
Can only remember limited amount of spoken info
Not useful for beginners or young people.

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5
Q

Visual guidance

A

When a performer can see the skill being performed/practiced. A demonstration to enable further understanding.

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6
Q

Positives of visual guidance

A

Useful for beginners/ visual learners
Allows performer to clearly see and so copy
Breaks down skill so is less complex
Useful when demo is correct/clear

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7
Q

Negatives of visual guidance

A

Example should be accurate
Needs to be detailed and specific for elite performers
Demotivating if performer can’t complete skill
Ineffective if performer’s sight is blocked

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8
Q

Manual guidance

A

Physical movement of the performer into the correct position.

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9
Q

Example of verbal guidance

A

Feedback to football players at half time

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10
Q

Example of visual guidance

A

Demo of front crawl in swimming

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11
Q

Example of manual guidance

A

Holding someone in a headstand position

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12
Q

Positives of manual guidance

A

Promotes confidence
Reduces risk of injury
Allows experience of skill before thorough learning

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13
Q

Negatives of manual guidance

A

Learner may become dependent on support
Has little kinaesthetic value
Child safety issues
Difficult in large groups

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14
Q

Mechanical guidance

A

Using learning aids to help a performer learn/practice the skill.

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15
Q

Example of mechanical guidance

A

Using a float in swimming

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16
Q

Positives of mechanical guidance

A

Ensures safety
Promotes confidence
Gives idea of kinaesthetic movement

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17
Q

Negatives of mechanical guidance

A

Expensive equipment
Don’t learn from mistakes
Can become dependent
Can’t be done in large groups

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18
Q

Useful guidance for beginners

A

Need visual guidance to understand what skill looks like, especially good combined w verbal (not too long/complex)
May need mechanical / manual guidance to support them through the technique

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19
Q

Useful guidance for elite

A

Unlikely to need visual guidance other than to highlight minor faults. Verbal guidance can be longer/ more complex. Unlikely to need manual/ mechanical

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20
Q

Feedback

A

The info a performer receives about their performance and how they should develop/improve it.

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21
Q

Types of feedback

Acronym?

A 
Results (knowledge of)
Extrinsic
Positive
Performance (knowledge of)
Intrinsic 
Negative

REPPIN

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22
Q

Positive feedback

A

Informs performer on what was correct about performance

Important for beginners as is motivating and so doesn’t knock confidence

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23
Q

Negative feedback

A

Informs performer as to what was incorrect about performance.

(Unimportant for elite performers as improves faults)

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24
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Focuses on success of achievement of outcome goal set out for.

(Unimportant for beginners as they aren’t as experienced as to actual performance)

25
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Provides more detail as to quality of performance, not end result. Relates to individual’s movements or specific technique.

26
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Feedback from outside performers, often verbally by coach.

Good for beginners as may not know how to improve as have poor knowledge of performance so need outsider’s perspective

27
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Info received from within the performer via senses/muscles.

Unimportant for elite performers as will have more knowledge of performance so will know how to improve

28
Q

Beginners feedback

A

Positive
Knowledge of results
Extrinsic

29
Q

Elite’s feedback

A

Negative feedback
Knowledge of performance
Intrinsic feedback

30
Q

Arousal

A

A physical/mental state of alertness/readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement.

31
Q

Drive theory

A

Theory that increase in performance correlates w increase in arousal.

32
Q

Inverted u theory

A

Theory that as arousal level increases, so does level of performance up to an optimum point in which after, performance decreases as have become over-aroused and so too anxious.
Different sports/ positions have different optimum arousal levels.

33
Q

Low optimum arousal sport

A

Darts/snooker

Skill requiring fine and precise movements

34
Q

High optimum arousal sport

A

Weightlifting/sprinting

Requires gross movements, involving power

35
Q

Under aroused

A

Lack of concentration, focus and motivation.

Low performance levels

36
Q

Moderate level of arousal

A

Max performance level and concentration. Reaction time will be quicker and correct levels of emotion for situation.

37
Q

Over arousal

A 
Loss of focus and cues
Anxiety
Bad decision making
Aggressive
Low performance levels
38
Q

Stress management techniques

A 
Deep breathing
Mental rehearsal
Imagery
Visualisation
Positive self-talk
39
Q

Deep breathing

A

Exaggeration of breaths in and out. Controls arousal and focuses on task in hand. Reduces heart rate and feelings of nervousness.

40
Q

Mental rehearsal

A

Performer pictures themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it.

41
Q

Imagery

A

Involves performer imagining themselves in a calm and relaxing place to reduce anxiety.

42
Q

Visualisation

A

Performer will picture an aspect of performance to remind them to maintain correct technique.

43
Q

Positive self-talk

A

Performer gives themselves positive and reassuring instructions, allowing them to remain focussed and motivated on task.

44
Q

Direct aggression

A

Aggression involving physical contact.

Eg, sticking out elbows in netball, rugby tackle, boxer punch

45
Q

Indirect aggression

A

Doesn’t involve physical contact but rather aggression aimed at an abject in order to gain advantage over opposition,

Eg tennis smash shot

46
Q

2 main personality types

A

Introvert

Extrovert

47
Q

Introvert

A

Humble
Modest
Quiet
(May suit individual sports like cycling)

48
Q

Extrovert

A

Confident
Outgoing
Arrogant

(May suit team sports)

49
Q

Motivation

A

The drive and desire someone has to want to achieve.

50
Q

Types of motivation

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

51
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Drive that comes from within the performer.

Eg pride, enjoyment, self satisfaction, personal achievement

52
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation from another source / person through external rewards

53
Q

Tangible rewards

A

Certificates
Trophies
Medals

54
Q

Intangible rewards

A

Praise
Feedback
Applause

55
Q

Negatives of intrinsic

A

Overuse of extrinsic motivation can undermine intrinsic so forget why playing.
Pride and accomplishment of external rewards can be a more effective motivator to some

56
Q

Benefit of intrinsic

A

More likely to lead to continued effort and participation

57
Q

Extrinsic negatives

A

Performer can become too reliant on it

May not be enough for some players

58
Q

Benefits of extrinsic motivation

A

Not all rewards are overused

Can work well w intrinsic

GCSE AQA PE (7 decks)

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