Sports Nutrition Quiz 4 Flashcards
Would it make a difference in body composition if a person consumed their entire energy in 2 meals vs 6 meals?
eating 6 meals per day could help sustain the muscle mass and avoid enlarging the fat mass
What is essential fat?
minimum body fat necessary for proper physiological functioning
Essential fat in adult females is estimated to be ~___% of total body weight.
12
If a female exhibits an “android” rather than “gynoid” pattern of fat distribution, the likely reason(s) are:
genetics, menopause, and obesity
How does fat stored in the abdominal area differ from fat stored in the hips and thighs?
fat in the abdominal area is metabolically more active
Which of the following is a true statement?
muscle mass is one component of lean body mass
Based on body shape, an individual who is stocky and has a tendency to gain body fat deep in the abdomen would be classified as a(n):
endomorph
The most appropriate use of body mass index (BMI) is to determine:
potential health risks in the general population
Which method measures body fat directly?
chemical analysis of cadavers
What is the Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE)?
a measure of the accuracy of predictions
The standard error in underwater weighing is approximately:
2.7%
An athlete is underwater weighed and is told that he is 13% body fat. How should he interpret this information?
his percentage of body fat is between 10.3% and 15.7%
Which of the following is a source of error in determining body composition by underwater weighing?
subject movement in the water when being weighed; subject’s inability to exhale as much air as possible; inability to determine subject’s residual volume accurately
Determination of body composition by skinfold measurements is based upon the assumption that:
the amount of fat under the skin in specific locations is closely related to total body fat
Body composition determination by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is based upon the:
amount of electrical current that flows through body tissues such as fat and muscle
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) determines which of the following body composition components that cannot be determined by other commonly used methods?
bone density
Under most circumstances, people trying to achieve an ideal body composition and weight would do best by staying + or - 400 kcal of energy balance, because this has the effect of…
helping to maintain metabolic mass; lowering fat mass; controlling the endocrine system in a way that reduces fat storage and muscle loss
Using the formula listed below, calculate the target body weight of a female soccer player currently weighing 134 lb and having 18% body fat but wishing to be 15% body fat. Assume that all weight lost is stored fat.
Target body weight = current weight of FFM (lb)/1-desired % body fat
129
Of the following, which type of exercise training is most beneficial for increasing muscle mass?
moderate intensity, high volume strength training
As a “rule of thumb” estimate, athletes who wish to increase muscle mass should increase daily energy intake by approximately ___ kcal.
400
Approximately how much additional protein is needed per day to support the growth of one pound of muscle tissue per week (assume sufficient kcal and resistant exercise)?
14 g
Weight cycling is defined as:
repeated weight loss and gain
Diets that result in large daily energy balance deficits are likely to be associated with:
loss of muscle and increase in fat mass
Obesity in the US is increasing regardless of income and regardless of education.
true
How do the terms eating disorder and disordered eating compare?
an eating disorders has specified criteria but disordered eating is not well defined
Why are eating disorders classified as psychiatric diseases?
the fundamental causes involve issues such as body image and control
An individual demonstrates some signs of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa but does not fully meet the criteria for either. How would this condition be characterized?
eating disorder not otherwise specified
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with anorexia athletica?
lifelong struggle with abnormal eating patterns
In which sport are athletes likely to meet the criteria for anorexia athletica but rarely for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa?
wrestling
Why are wrestlers who restrict food and purge to “make weight” not considered to have an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)?
they only behave this way during wrestling season; they do not base their self-esteem on weight; and they fall within the normal range on tests of eating attitudes.
Which condition listed below is the most prevalent in athletes?
disordered eating
What is the prevalence of bulimia nervosa in females?
1-3%
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? muscle mass:
likely to decline
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? bone density:
likely to decline
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? metabolic rate:
likely to decline
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? long term performance:
likely to decline
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? need for treatment:
likely to increase
What is the expected impact on the following conditions when disordered eating or eating disorders are present over many years? time spent in a treatment program:
likely to increase
If the presence of an eating disorder is suspected, which is the most appropriate course of action for a coach to take?
immediately refer to a trained professional for further evaluation
What are the three distinct but interrelated factors associated with the Female Athlete Triad?
energy availability, hormonal disruption, and low bone mineral density
