Sports Nutrition Quiz 3 Flashcards
On average, an adult’s body contains approximately ____% water (by weight).
60
In which compartment is the largest amount of body fluid stored?
intracellular fluid
What is interstitial fluid?
fluid surrounding the cells
The primary cation in extracellular fluid:
sodium
The primary cation in intracellular fluid:
potassium
If the osmolarity of intracellular fluid (ICF) is higher than extracellular fluid (ECF), what is the tonicity of the blood?
the blood is hypotonic to the ICF
When an athlete sweats heavily, what happens to the osmolarity of the blood?
osmolarity increases
Which accounts for the largest amount of water loss in an athlete exercising in the heat?
skin
When an athlete sweats heavily, how does body water shift?
water moves from the ICF in the ECF
Hypohydration initially occurs in:
extracellular fluid
Which of the following foods are good sources of potassium?
banana, orange juice, and avocado
Which of the following is a true statement regarding thirst in athletes?
thirst is a reflection of hypohydration
Wearing uniforms and protective gear while exercising in the heat typically:
restricts the evaporation of sweat and results in body temperature rising
The compound present in the largest amount in sweat:
sodium
Athletes participating in which sport need to be the most concerned about consuming fluids that contain sodium to offset the amount being lost in sweat?
marathon running
Heat cramps (total body cramping when exercising in the heat) in athletes who are “salty sweaters” appears to be caused by:
large losses of fluid and sodium
The term voluntary dehydration refers to athletes engaged in exercise who are:
unable or unwilling to consume sufficient fluid to offset fluid loss
Two factors that may be associated with hyponatremia:
large losses of sodium in sweat and excessive water intake
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
antioxidant agent
The vitamin associated with amino acid metabolism:
vitamin B6
The vitamin contained in coenzymes necessary for oxidation-reduction reactions in the production of ATP, and is associated with photophobia.
Riboflavin
The vitamin that acts like a hormone:
Vitamin D
Which vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?
pantothenic acid
The main function of vitamin E is to act as a(n):
antioxidant
The vitamin(s) associated with anemia:
vitamin B12 and folic acid
Which of the following functions is shared by beta-carotene and vitamin E?
inhibition of oxidation
Night blindness is associated with a clinical deficiency of:
vitamin A
The athlete who is most likely to manifest a clinical vitamin deficiency:
one with a severe eating disorder
When supplemented at high doses, this vitamin may be toxic to nervous tissue:
vitamin B6
Athletes generally consume sufficient thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin if they also consume sufficient:
energy
How are vitamin C and vitamin E related?
vitamin C regenerates vitamin E after it has been oxidized
How do minerals differ from water-soluble vitamins?
minerals are not well absorbed; water-soluble vitamins are well absorbed
A mineral that is under substantial hormonal control:
calcium
The mineral most closely associated with proper immune function:
zinc
The two most likely sources of larger-than-normal mineral losses in athletes:
urine and sweat
The most prevalent clinical mineral deficiencies in industrialized countries:
iron and calcium
Bone forming cells are known as:
osteoblasts
The hormone that influences proper bone development:
vitamin D
Why is iron not well absorbed from the intestinal tract?
over-absorption of iron has potentially harmful physiological effects
What is myoglobin?
iron-containing protein found in muscle fibers
