Sports Nutrition Quiz 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is the best definition of sports nutrition?
application of nutritional and physiological principles that support training and performance
Which of the following is the best definition of exercise?
planned, repetitive physical activity
The term endurance athlete is generally interpreted to mean that the athlete
predominantly uses the oxygen-dependent energy system
The term macronutrients typically refers to
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Which of the following best describes the term Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?
current nutrient standard for individuals
Which of the following best describes the application of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) to trained athletes?
Although developed for the general population, athletes can use the DRI to assess the adequacy of their diets
In the U.S., which of the following meets the legal definition of a dietary supplement?
vitamin or mineral supplement; botanical supplement; and herbal supplement
What does it mean when an active ingredient in a dietary supplement or over the counter medication is standardized?
the same amount is found in each pill or tablet
Regulation of dietary supplements in the U.S. is
minimal
The weakest of all scientific findings are from which of the following types of studies
case studies
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. This study is an example of:
experimental research
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. Was the study randomized?
Yes
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did.
no
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. Did the study utilize a crossover design?
no
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. Did the study utilize a placebo?
yes
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. Which group was serving as the control group?
the cyclists who received an inert pill
Twenty sprint cyclists were randomly selected to be in a study designed to test the effectiveness of 12 weeks of creatine supplementation on performance. Ten cyclists received a creatine supplement for 3 months while the other ten received a powdered supplement with the same color and texture that has no physical effect for 3 months. The cyclists did not know which pill they were taking but the researcher did. The results of this study will be used to establish a
cause and effect relationship
The term level of evidence refers to
the relative strength of the collective body of research on a topic
Most health-related information on the internet is found on websites that are supported by
commercial enterprises
Which of the following certifications does NOT require a bachelor’s degree?
personal trainer
Which of the following is true regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics?
energy is not created or destroyed
ATP is an example of
chemical energy
The two most common factors that influence enzyme activity
temperature and pH
If a food contains 350 calories, how many kilocalories does it contain?
350
The International System of Units (SI units) unit for energy is the
joule
6,300 kJ is equivalent to how many kilocalories?
1,500
On a kcal/g basis, the caloric content of carbohydrate is approximately the same as
protein
On average, 1 liter of oxygen consumed is equivalent to (how much) kcal of energy expended.
5
Direct calorimetry works on the principle that
the body heat that is produced is proportional to the energy expended
Indirect calorimetry works on the principle that
oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are related to energy expenditure
In the energy balance equation, the only component of “energy in” is
food
In sedentary individual, the largest influence on “energy out” is
resting metabolism
The smallest influence on “energy out” is
thermic effect of food
The minimum energy expenditure compatible with life is known as
basal metabolism
What is creatine phosphate (CrP)?
a nitrogen-containing compound made from amino acids
Based on dietary intake only, whom would you expect to have the lowest amount of muscle creatine?
vegetarians
What is the effect on muscle ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) when an athlete performs very high-intensity exercise for a very short period of time (e.g. 10 seconds)?
ATP declines then plateaus while CrP declines substantially.
The major factor that limits the use of the creatine phosphate energy system
creatine phosphate can be depleted
The preferred energy source by exercising muscle for the process of anaerobic glycolysis
glycogen
The duration of the anaerobic glycolysis energy system is approximately
1-2 minutes
Which of the following is a true statement about lactate?
it is a metabolized via aerobic metabolism
The term “aerobic energy system” refers to
oxidative phosphorylation
The nutrient that is NOT metabolized by the body to produce energy
proteins
The slowest and most complex energy system used to produce ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
The fastest and least complex energy system used to produce ATP
creatine phosphate
