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PDHPE > Sports Medicine - CQ4 > Flashcards

Sports Medicine - CQ4 Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

Rehabilitation procedures - restoring the athlete to…

A

the pre-injury level of physical fitness

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2
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

Rehabilitation procedures - aims (3)

A
  1. to restore optimal function
  2. to return athlete to competition quickly & safely
  3. to prevent re-injury
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3
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

Rehabilitation procedures - steps in achieving rehabilitation (8)

A
  • progressive movement
  • stretching
  • conditioning
  • total body fitness
  • training
  • taping
  • use of heat & cold
  • specific programs
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4
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

progressive mobilisation - involves…

A

performing movement that gradually increases over time to work the injured joint through an increase range of motion (movement within the joint)

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5
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

progressive mobilisation - role (5)

A
  • after RICER: the goal is to promote movement of the injured site without pain to decrease the chance of the site from seizing up & developing scar tissue
  • mobilisation should be gentle & progressively increase as confidence builds along with strength at the injured site
  • important to continue to apply ice & compression to help limit swelling & waste products from forming
  • apply gentle stretching of the injured site to lengthen the muscle fibers & improve joint mobility
  • pain = an indicator of athlete’s limitation
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6
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

progressive mobilisation - safe mobilisation involves… (5)

A
  • restore full range of movement in injured site gradually through active & passive movement
  • mobilisation of the injured part should begin after 72 hours & acute inflammatory response because joint inactivity response because joint inactivity can increase scar tissue formation
  • movements = slow & pain free
  • joint mobilisation continue until area is fully functional
  • ensure area is warmed up & blood is circulating before beginning (use heat pack)
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7
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - includes… (3)

A
  • stretching
  • conditioning
  • total body fitness
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8
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - stretching types (3)

A
  • static
  • PNF active
  • PNF passive
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9
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - stretching (description) (5)

A
  • injury –> decrease flexibility due the formation of scar tissue (muscle & connective tissue injury) as scar tissue shortens muscles
  • stretching injured area ensures healing without scar tissue
  • stretching decrease swelling –> active rehabilitation can start
  • most appropriate form of stretching is PNF as it doesn’t require the injured area to move extensively
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10
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - PNF stretching (definition & involves)

A

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
- PNF stretching involves a static stretch –> isometric contraction –> a relaxation phase in the lengthened position

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11
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - conditioning (involves) (4)

A
  • increase muscular strength
  • isometric exercises
  • weight & non-weight bearing activities
  • increase balance & coordination
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12
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - conditioning (description) (4)

A
  • involves a build up of fitness as a result of adaptions to gradually increase in physical stress
  • aims to prevent muscles atrophy (wasting of muscles tissue)
  • weight bearing exercises may be used to regain strength & isokinetic exercises are also utilised
  • conditioning must occur progressively therefore pain free
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13
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - conditioning (athletes should focus on…) (4)

A
  • strength
  • endurance
  • speed
  • power
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14
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - total body fitness (exercises may be used to…) (2)

A
  • regain strength
  • isokinetic exercises are also utilised
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15
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - total body fitness (involves…) (3)

A

regaining the level of mental & physical fitness reached by the athlete before the injury occurred
- implementation of a training program which must promote the maintenance of flexibility, strength & endurance
- maintenance program helps reversibility

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16
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

graduated exercise - total body fitness (common exercises) (6)

A
  • treadmills
  • rowing
  • cycling
  • swimming
  • weight training
  • walking/light jog
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17
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - occurs after…

A

total body fitness (full training can resume)

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18
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - allows the athlete to…

A

familiarise themselves again with the movement skills & specific game skills of their sport

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19
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - when athlete can display…

A

full fitness, coordinated movements & skill, they can be permitted to resume competition

20
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - physical & psychological skill

A

to ensure physical & psychological skills develop fully, athletes may play at a lower level

21
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - athletes are expected…

A

to participate in full training program in a pain free environment

22
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

training - importance of rehabilitation program (2)

A
  • promotes the return to specific competition movement patterns (pain free)
  • re-establish skills for competition physically & physiologically
23
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - cold (characteristics & features) (3)

A
  • used in first 48-72 hours after injury
  • apply via ice packs & sprays
  • can be used after training & competition (once return to play)
24
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - cold (how it assists the athlete) (4)

A
  • decrease pain (pain sensations are inhibited)
  • decrease swelling (vasoconstriction of blood vessels)
  • increase healing process
  • decrease muscle spasms
25
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - heat (characteristics & features) (2)

A
  • used after swelling has decreased (typically after 48-72 hours)
  • apply via heat packs, ultrasound
26
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - heat (how it assists the athlete) (3)

A
  • increase circulation to injury site (includes delivery of nutrients for healing & recovery)
  • increase circulation (helps remove bi-products of tissue injury)
  • thermotherapy (on different card)
27
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - heat (how it assists the athlete) thermotherapy (4)

A
  • increase elasticity to new fibers
  • decrease pain & stiffness
  • increase blood flow
  • decrease inflammation
28
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - cold (examples) (3)

A
  • ice baths
  • cryotherapy
  • cold compression
29
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - heat (examples) (5)

A
  • heat pack
  • hot plunge
  • infrared sauna
  • steam room
  • hydrotherapy
30
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - contrast (example)

A

hot & cold plunge

31
Q

Critical Question 4, DP1

use of hot & cold - contrast (helps…) (2)

A
  • remove lactic acids & stiffness
  • increase recovery of used muscles
32
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

indicators of readiness for return to play - (2)

A
  1. pain free
  2. degree of mobility
33
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

indicators of readiness for return to play - pain free (2)

A
  • participate in training & games pain free
  • slowly introduce into sport
34
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

indicators of readiness for return to play - degree of mobility

A

full flexibility & range of motion (specific to the sport & the requirements)

35
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

indicators of readiness for return to play - questions to ask (3)

A
  • how is it feeling
  • can you generate the same power
  • how does it feel when you’re tired
36
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

monitor progress - pre & post injury testing (key considerations of the stage) (3)

A
  • injured area = normal functioning (conducting sport-specific test provides information on fitness & skill ability)
  • sport specific test –> shows progress (puts injured area under competition pressure & body’s response)
  • all components of fitness should be tested (specific to sport & injury)
37
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

monitor progress - pre & post injury testing (may involve) (4)

A
  • visual observations
  • interviews & discussions
  • ongoing tests (comparison)
  • observation of video footage
38
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

psychological readiness (description + implication)

A

once an injury is fully healed, the athlete can be worried of re-injury

implications if athlete is not psychologically ready to return to play
- re-injury, further injury & damage to confidence

39
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

psychological readiness - importance

A

Phycological preparedness (confidence & positive outlook) is important to prevent recurrence of injury
- a balance of motivation, self assurance & common sense is fundamental to a safe return to play

40
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

specific warm up (description & examples)

A

warm up after injury needs to be specific to injured area
- e.g. ankle sprain: additional low impact activities & stretching exercises (ensures leg muscle groups have been extended, beyond demand of competition, in a safe environment
- other examples: slow jog, agility ladder, balance on one foot, taping etc.

41
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

policies & procedures for return to play - duty of care

A

Duty of care for athletes: policies vary depending on sport as there are different risks due to weather, location & skill (injury & severity)

42
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

policies & procedures for return to play - duty of care (examples) (5)

A
  • child cannot play until they have returned to school without worsening symptoms
  • requires medical clearance
  • cannot return if there is any worries about re-injury
  • ensure medical attention at games
  • boxing: post fight assessments
43
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

ethical considerations (2)

A
  • pressure to participate
  • use of painkillers
44
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

ethical considerations - pressure to participate

A

very common in elite sports
- pressure can come from: team mates, coaches or sponsors (for financial reasons or the significance of the event e.g. Grand Finial)

45
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

ethical considerations - use of painkillers

A

Painkillers can used to mask pain athletes experience to help them play a game.
- the use of painkillers is ultimately the athlete’s decision due to it being their health at risk

46
Q

Critical Question 4, DP2

ethical considerations - use of painkillers (danger)

A

this can be quite dangerous as pain is protective signal telling us that damage being made to our tissue
- as a result there is an increase risk of further damage as the athlete is unaware of the damage they are doing
- prolongs the healing process & therefore longer rehabilitation

PDHPE (7 decks)

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