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PDHPE > Sports Medicine - CQ1 > Flashcards

Sports Medicine - CQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

What are the two ways to classify sport injuries?

A
  1. By Cause
  2. By Tissue
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2
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Ways to classify sport injuries by cause (3)

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Overuse
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3
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Ways to classify sport injuries by tissue damage (2)

A
  1. Soft tissue
  2. Hard tissue
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4
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Direct injuries are caused by…

A

An external force from an external source

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5
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Direct injury example

A

a contusion from getting punched in a boxing match

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6
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Indirect injuries are caused by…

A

An internal force from within the body

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7
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Indirect injury example

A

falling off a bike, landing on your hands and breaking your forearm

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8
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Overuse injuries are caused by…

A

A repetitive and damaging force (usually low impact)

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9
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Overuse injury example

A

shin splints, tennis elbow

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10
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Soft tissue injuries are damage to…

A

All body tissue other than bones and teeth

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11
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Hard tissue injuries are damage to…

A

teeth and bones

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12
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Soft tissue injuries includes…

A
  • tears (sprains, strains)
  • contusions
  • skin abrasions
  • lacerations
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13
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Hard tissue injuries includes..

A
  • fractures
  • dislocations
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14
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

The inflammatory response affects ___ tissue injuries

A

Soft

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15
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Tears are caused by…

A

an excessive stretching of the tissue or has been severed due to an excessive external force

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16
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Sprains are…

A

stretching of the joint capsule and its connective ligaments beyond normal range of motion

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17
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Strains are…

A

when muscle fibers or tendons are torn to some degree or overstretched

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18
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 1 strains are…

A

a tear of a few fibers (1-3)

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19
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 1 strains signs and symptoms

A

painful on stretch, no loss of strength, mild pain

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20
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 2 strains are…

A

more damage over a significant number of muscle fibers (4+)

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21
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 2 strains signs and symptoms

A

painful on stretch, reduced strength

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22
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 3 strains are…

A

complete tear

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23
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 3 strains signs and symptoms

A

can feel the tear within the muscle

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24
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Contusion is caused by…

A

a sudden blow to the body, forms as a result of interrupted blood flow to surrounding tissue & results in the formation of a hematoma (blood clot) in the connective tissue - a bruise

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25
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Skin abrasion occurs when…

A

a force contacts the skin & causes superficial damage, no deeper than the epidermis layer of the skin

26
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Laceration is…

A

a cult, which usually requires stitches, generally over 1 cm

27
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

A blister occurs…

A

due to friction which causes a pocket of fluid to form, usually a clear liquid or blood, if a blood vessel has been ruptured

28
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

The purpose of the inflammatory response is to…

A

protect the body & fight against any damaging substance, rid the sit of dying or dead tissue cells and aid in the tissue cell’s regeneration and repair of the injured site

29
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Purpose of the inflammatory response (in 3 dot points)

A
  • defend against harmful substances & infection
  • dispose of dead tissue caused by injury
  • promote the renewal process
30
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

The stages of the inflammatory response

A
  1. acute inflammatory response
  2. healing/repairing phase (proliferation)
  3. remodeling phase
31
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

The acute inflammatory response happens…

A

immediately after injury. inflammatory cells flood out of blood vessels into ligaments, white blood cells aid in the healing process and macrophages eat the damaged cells

32
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Symptoms of the acute inflammatory response

A
  • red
  • swollen
  • warm
  • painful area
33
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Acute inflammatory response (time)

A

48-72 hours

34
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

The healing/repair phase (proliferation) is the…

A

rebuilding of ligaments. fibroblasts move from blood vessels to the tissue which start the healing process. scar tissue starts to form and collagen is required

35
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Healing/repairing phase (time)

A

48hrs - 6 weeks

36
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Remodeling phase is when the…

A

ligaments is being remodeling, increased production of scar tissue, strengthening & development of replacement tissue

37
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Remodeling phase (time)

A

6 weeks - 3 months

38
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Soft tissue management includes (2)

A
  1. RICER
  2. No HARM
39
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

RICER

A

Rest: stop moving & remove from field

Ice: 20 minutes on, 2 hours off to decrease swelling and pain

Compression: decreased swelling and bleeding

Elevate: above heart level to reduce swelling, pain & bleeding

Referral: early diagnosis

40
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

No HARM

A

No…

Heat: heat increases bleeding as it causes blood vessels to dilate

Alcohol: increases swelling, causes blood vessels to dilate which increases blood flow

Running: can make injury worse

Massage: increases bleeding & swelling

41
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Types of fractures (3)

A
  1. Simple
  2. Compound
  3. Complicated
42
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

A simple fracture is when the…

A

bone breaks but remains under the skin

43
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

A compound fracture is when the…

A

bone breaks and protrudes though the skin

44
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

A complicated fracture is when the…

A

bone breaks and causes internal damage (nerve, organ, blood vessel)

45
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Signs and symptoms of a fracture is… (6)

A
  • pain
  • audible break
  • deformity
  • swelling
  • loss of strength and function
  • immediate bruising
46
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

A dislocation is when…

A

there is movement or dislodgment of a bone at a joint

47
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Signs and symptoms of a dislocation (4)

A
  • swelling
  • deformity
  • pain
  • lack of functionality
48
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Hard tissue management (2)

A
  • immobilisation
  • immediately seek medical attention
49
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Fracture management (4)

A
  1. DRSABCD
  2. Rest & immobilise
  3. Treat shock
  4. Seek medical attention
50
Q

Critical Question 1, DP3

Dislocation management (3)

A
  1. Firmly protect the injury site with a splint to immobilise the injury
  2. ice, elevate & apply bandage to support
  3. seek immediate medical attention
51
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

Assessment of injury

A

TOTAPS

52
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS is an…

A

assessment to see if the player can continue playing after an injury occurs - shows the nature & extent of injury

53
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS stands for…

A

Talk
Observe
Touch
Active movement
Passive movement
Skill test

54
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Talk

A

Get information about nature of injury
- ask a range of questions i.e. ‘what happened’

55
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Observe

A

Examine the injury site
- looking for swelling & deformity
- compare to other side of body

56
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Touch

A

Gently feel for dwelling & deformity
- locate most tender/painful area

57
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Active movement

A

Individual performs joint movement of injured area
- if full, pain free range of movement, continue assessment
- includes joint actions e.g. flexion, extension etc.

58
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Passive movement

A

Assessor performs joint movement of injured area
- identify pain & instability

59
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

TOTAPS - Skill test

A

Individual performs game-related skills that stresses the injured area
- to see if it is okay to return to playing ‘- if no pain or deformity found in assessment

60
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

When a sport injury occurs… (4)

A
  1. DRSABCD: crisis management
  2. STOP: quick on field assessment
  3. TOTPAS: off field assessment, if they want to continue playing
  4. RICER: if they stay off the field (soft tissue injury)
61
Q

Critical Question 1, DP4

Assessment of injury - STOP

A

on field assessment

Stop
Talk
Observe
Prevent further injury

PDHPE (7 decks)

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