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Sports Medicine - CQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

What are the two ways to classify sport injuries?

A
  1. By Cause
  2. By Tissue
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2
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Ways to classify sport injuries by cause (3)

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Overuse
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3
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Ways to classify sport injuries by tissue damage (2)

A
  1. Soft tissue
  2. Hard tissue
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4
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Direct injuries are caused by…

A

An external force from an external source

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5
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Direct injury example

A

a contusion from getting punched in a boxing match

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6
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Indirect injuries are caused by…

A

An internal force from within the body

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7
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Indirect injury example

A

falling off a bike, landing on your hands and breaking your forearm

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8
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Overuse injuries are caused by…

A

A repetitive and damaging force (usually low impact)

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9
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Overuse injury example

A

shin splints, tennis elbow

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10
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Soft tissue injuries are damage to…

A

All body tissue other than bones and teeth

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11
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Hard tissue injuries are damage to…

A

teeth and bones

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12
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Soft tissue injuries includes…

A
  • tears (sprains, strains)
  • contusions
  • skin abrasions
  • lacerations
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13
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

Hard tissue injuries includes..

A
  • fractures
  • dislocations
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14
Q

Critical Question 1, DP1

The inflammatory response affects ___ tissue injuries

A

Soft

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15
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Tears are caused by…

A

an excessive stretching of the tissue or has been severed due to an excessive external force

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16
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Sprains are…

A

stretching of the joint capsule and its connective ligaments beyond normal range of motion

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17
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Strains are…

A

when muscle fibers or tendons are torn to some degree or overstretched

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18
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 1 strains are…

A

a tear of a few fibers (1-3)

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19
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 1 strains signs and symptoms

A

painful on stretch, no loss of strength, mild pain

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20
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 2 strains are…

A

more damage over a significant number of muscle fibers (4+)

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21
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 2 strains signs and symptoms

A

painful on stretch, reduced strength

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22
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 3 strains are…

A

complete tear

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23
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Grade 3 strains signs and symptoms

A

can feel the tear within the muscle

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24
Q

Critical Question 1, DP2

Contusion is caused by…

A

a sudden blow to the body, forms as a result of interrupted blood flow to surrounding tissue & results in the formation of a hematoma (blood clot) in the connective tissue - a bruise

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25
Critical Question 1, DP2 Skin abrasion occurs when...
a force contacts the skin & causes superficial damage, no deeper than the epidermis layer of the skin
26
Critical Question 1, DP2 Laceration is...
a cult, which usually requires stitches, generally over 1 cm
27
Critical Question 1, DP2 A blister occurs...
due to friction which causes a pocket of fluid to form, usually a clear liquid or blood, if a blood vessel has been ruptured
28
Critical Question 1, DP2 The purpose of the inflammatory response is to...
protect the body & fight against any damaging substance, rid the sit of dying or dead tissue cells and aid in the tissue cell's regeneration and repair of the injured site
29
Critical Question 1, DP2 Purpose of the inflammatory response (in 3 dot points)
- defend against harmful substances & infection - dispose of dead tissue caused by injury - promote the renewal process
30
Critical Question 1, DP2 The stages of the inflammatory response
1. acute inflammatory response 2. healing/repairing phase (proliferation) 3. remodeling phase
31
Critical Question 1, DP2 The acute inflammatory response happens...
immediately after injury. inflammatory cells flood out of blood vessels into ligaments, white blood cells aid in the healing process and macrophages eat the damaged cells
32
Critical Question 1, DP2 Symptoms of the acute inflammatory response
- red - swollen - warm - painful area
33
Critical Question 1, DP2 Acute inflammatory response (time)
48-72 hours
34
Critical Question 1, DP2 The healing/repair phase (proliferation) is the...
rebuilding of ligaments. fibroblasts move from blood vessels to the tissue which start the healing process. scar tissue starts to form and collagen is required
35
Critical Question 1, DP2 Healing/repairing phase (time)
48hrs - 6 weeks
36
Critical Question 1, DP2 Remodeling phase is when the...
ligaments is being remodeling, increased production of scar tissue, strengthening & development of replacement tissue
37
Critical Question 1, DP2 Remodeling phase (time)
6 weeks - 3 months
38
Critical Question 1, DP2 Soft tissue management includes (2)
1. RICER 2. No HARM
39
Critical Question 1, DP2 RICER
Rest: stop moving & remove from field Ice: 20 minutes on, 2 hours off to decrease swelling and pain Compression: decreased swelling and bleeding Elevate: above heart level to reduce swelling, pain & bleeding Referral: early diagnosis
40
Critical Question 1, DP2 No HARM
No... Heat: heat increases bleeding as it causes blood vessels to dilate Alcohol: increases swelling, causes blood vessels to dilate which increases blood flow Running: can make injury worse Massage: increases bleeding & swelling
41
Critical Question 1, DP3 Types of fractures (3)
1. Simple 2. Compound 3. Complicated
42
Critical Question 1, DP3 A simple fracture is when the...
bone breaks but remains under the skin
43
Critical Question 1, DP3 A compound fracture is when the...
bone breaks and protrudes though the skin
44
Critical Question 1, DP3 A complicated fracture is when the...
bone breaks and causes internal damage (nerve, organ, blood vessel)
45
Critical Question 1, DP3 Signs and symptoms of a fracture is... (6)
- pain - audible break - deformity - swelling - loss of strength and function - immediate bruising
46
Critical Question 1, DP3 A dislocation is when...
there is movement or dislodgment of a bone at a joint
47
Critical Question 1, DP3 Signs and symptoms of a dislocation (4)
- swelling - deformity - pain - lack of functionality
48
Critical Question 1, DP3 Hard tissue management (2)
- immobilisation - immediately seek medical attention
49
Critical Question 1, DP3 Fracture management (4)
1. DRSABCD 2. Rest & immobilise 3. Treat shock 4. Seek medical attention
50
Critical Question 1, DP3 Dislocation management (3)
1. Firmly protect the injury site with a splint to immobilise the injury 2. ice, elevate & apply bandage to support 3. seek immediate medical attention
51
Critical Question 1, DP4 Assessment of injury
TOTAPS
52
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS is an...
assessment to see if the player can continue playing after an injury occurs - shows the nature & extent of injury
53
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS stands for...
Talk Observe Touch Active movement Passive movement Skill test
54
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Talk
Get information about nature of injury - ask a range of questions i.e. 'what happened'
55
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Observe
Examine the injury site - looking for swelling & deformity - compare to other side of body
56
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Touch
Gently feel for dwelling & deformity - locate most tender/painful area
57
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Active movement
Individual performs joint movement of injured area - if full, pain free range of movement, continue assessment - includes joint actions e.g. flexion, extension etc.
58
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Passive movement
Assessor performs joint movement of injured area - identify pain & instability
59
Critical Question 1, DP4 TOTAPS - Skill test
Individual performs game-related skills that stresses the injured area - to see if it is okay to return to playing '- if no pain or deformity found in assessment
60
Critical Question 1, DP4 When a sport injury occurs... (4)
1. DRSABCD: crisis management 2. STOP: quick on field assessment 3. TOTPAS: off field assessment, if they want to continue playing 4. RICER: if they stay off the field (soft tissue injury)
61
Critical Question 1, DP4 Assessment of injury - STOP
on field assessment Stop Talk Observe Prevent further injury

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