Sport - WW2 - Present Flashcards
What is a professional?
Somebody who is paid to play sport and can live off their wage
What is an amateur?
Not paid to play sport
Play for love of game
Play for fun
What was a 19th century professional and amateur?
Amateur: Upper class Lots of time Not paid No need to train- didn’t need to win money Very respected Professional: Received payment- couldn’t miss work Working class Needed to train to get picked Relied on money from sport
Why did professionals begin to gain more respect?
Standard went up as they had to train to get picked
Spectators watched them as they were better and more exciting
Became role models
How did football develop?
Radio 1922 - football became entertainment Spectatorism increased so more money came into clubs from gate receipts Weekly wage increased 1901 - £4 a week 2001 - £100,000 a week Players became media superstars Transport turned footy into global game New tech - goal line tech, VAR
How did lawn tennis develop?
Needed less money than real tennis Games appeared on lawns and in parks Middle class could afford equipment Mostly amateur Bridged gap between middle and upper Appropriate for women to play Open ears allows amateurs and profs to compete
How did athletics develop?
Cities brought people together for meets
Lots of buildings- running one of few sports you could do on towns
Wagering became popular
AAA set up in 1880 - amateur olympics
Professional clubs set up trust funds so professionals could keep amateur status
Diamond league - anyone competing can win money not just the best
What is shamateurism?
Where an athlete is not paid directly for competing but receives money because of their sport in endorsements and sponsorship
Why were women discouraged from sport?
Too aggressive Seen as unladylike Couldn’t compete with men Unacceptable clothing Too strenuous- believed they wouldn’t be able to have children
Why did lawn tennis seem acceptable for women?
Could play in seclusion in own garden Appropriate clothing Low exercise - could have kids Could compete against men Billie Jean King was first women athlete to earn £100,000 in a year She beat a man to prove women could win
How did athletics develop women’s sport?
Women’s AAA set up in 1922 Became acceptable 1928 Olympics allowed women to compete Allowed nothing above 800m Proved it had no effect on having children
How has football encouraged female participants?
Equal opportunities campaign
War broke myths and stereotypes
Women did gruelling jobs
Media coverage of WSL and Workd Cup provides role models
More money in sport so better grass roots teams
Moved away from domestic responsibilities
Number of women footballers has increase X5 since 1985
Women Referee Development Pathway
What is commercialism?
Attempting to gain money from an activity or sport
What is the impact of commercialisation on sport?
Positive - pay players more, higher standard as they train more, household names, more grassroots participation, role models in the news, globalisation, new competitions
Negatives - deviance and gamesmanship, women’s sports receives less coverage, players have to do photo shoots and sponsorship distractions
What is the impact of commercialisation on players?
Positives - full time job, more money, better health advice and injury prevention, better recovery, bonuses for results, household names
Negatives - play through injury, pressure from media, bad performance analysed, controlled by sponsors, embarrassment if in a slump
