Sport & Society P3

Question 1

Pre-industrial Britain

Answer 1

before 1850's
precursor for modern sporting identity
rural
Sports like Mob football for Lower class - e.g. pigs liver ball, no written rules, big boundaries, masculine -> Ashbourne Derbyshire, Holy days 
Cotswold olimpics 
Smock racing 
Brutal
Race walking - pedestrianism

Question 2

Pre-industrial sport for upper class

Answer 2

give a pedestrian a reward for winning -
Real tennis
Shooting
Cricket

Question 3

what did Barclay allardice do?

Answer 3

he walked a thousand miles in one thousand hours

Question 4

Upper class in pre industrial britain

Answer 4

those who inherited land/ were aristocracy

Question 5

Sociocultural factors

Answer 5

social class 
time
participation
Gender
Transport 
Law & Order 
Money
Education/ literacy

Question 6

How does social class present itself in pre industrial britain

Answer 6

• Agrarian society
• 2 class systems
• Opposite experiences

Question 7

How does gender present itself in pre-industrial britain?

Answer 7

• sports were masculine e.g. Mob football

- Women did Smock racing, more feminine & less dangerous

Question 8

Was there much transport in pre-industrial britain?

Answer 8

no
Horse and cart for upper class
Walk for Lower class
very local - bad roads

Question 9

Was there much law & order in pre 1850s britain?

Answer 9

no police
some sports were banned
sports/activities were under local control

Question 10

How did money effect the sports played in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 10

sports were cheap and resourceful e.g. Mob football use a pigs bladder 
for upper class they could afford equipment & facilities for real tennis, cricket

Question 11

How did time/work affect sports participation?

Answer 11

the lower class only partake on holy days and festivals e.g. St Georges day. -> followed an agricultural calendar
upper class could partake more due to more leisure time

Question 12

How did education effect pre industrial Britain?

Answer 12

LC -illiterate, no skill of reading or writing, rules passed on
UC - literate, skill of reading and writing, wealthy boys went to Eton, Harrow, Rugby,
Sports were simple for LC

Question 13

Upper class -pre 1850s

Answer 13

Aristocracy or gentry who were hereditary land owners

Question 14

Lower class - pre 1850s

Answer 14

peasants who worked manually, on land

Question 15

Upper class activites (pre1850s)

Answer 15

Pedestrianism - 19th century race walking -> UC give elevated platform to LC & pay for wins
Cricket - both classes, UC = batsmen/bowlers, LC = fielders -> Hambledon cricket club @ Bat and Ball Inn, Hampshire

Question 16

Post 1850 Britain

Answer 16

industrial revolution massively impacted all levels of society
Growth of middle class -> 3 class society
child employment was popular
Increase in wealth for those MC and UC
Urbanisation
Agricultural Economy moved to an industrial economy

Question 17

Urbanisation - post 1850s

Answer 17

the movement of people from a dominantly agricultural rural landscape to urban city landscapes

Question 18

How had social class changed in post 1850s britain?

Answer 18

growth of middle class meant more education for young boys, amateur/professionalism split - Rugby split
Introduction of exclusion clause - athletics, rules against those working with hands -> lower class, cost, acess -> real tennis

Question 19

How had gender changed in the post 1850s

Answer 19

• Victorian ethics, ‘‘lady’’ -> dainty, pretty, feminine
• Decrease opportunities for women as unfeminine to play sport
• Real Tennis was acceptable for women -> Lottie dodd, a role model for women in sport

Question 20

How has education changed in the post 1850s?

Answer 20

growth in public schools
more middle class boys attend

Question 21

How had Law & Order developed in post 1850s

Answer 21

-a police force
illegalisation of blood sports, mob football
banning
‘‘Civilising process’’ -

Question 22

Civilising process in law and order of post 1850s sport

Answer 22

the loss of rights for the working class to participate in activities like mob football

Question 23

How had transport developed in the post 1850s?

Answer 23

growth of railways and stations -> play fixtures regularly -> develop football leagues -> FA cup 1863
growth of cricket -> Ashes

Question 24

Describe in two ways in which levels of education & literacy affected ppt in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 24

• Unwritten rules for sports like mob football due to illiteracy
• Simple rules for lower classes/peasants
• More sophisticated and written rules for upper class

Question 25

Why was cycling a socially acceptable pastime for women in post 1850s?

Answer 25

• Could cycle in modest dress
• An uncompetitive sport - competitive = unfeminine
• Moderate, not too dangerous
• Cycling was considered ‘ladylike’ and can be done in a feminine way

Question 26

Explain how the formation of NGBs linked to the social and cultural developments in post 1850.

Answer 26

Law & order was more civilised, rules were required

• Transport, people can travel to play so important to have common rules
• Social class, MC sought to improve health & well being of WC through organised sport e.g. Royal arsenal & Saturday & weds half days
• improve education -> written rules were appropriate & accesible
• Better working conditions & shorter hours -> more organised sport

Question 27

identify two qualities which develop from school boys playing team games

Answer 27

Teamwork
Leadership
Courage
Respect

Question 28

describe how law & order has shaped the charachteristics of 21st C sport

Answer 28

• Safety: officials & coaches have duty of care to keep players safe on pitch, organisers DOC for spectators to prevent negligence e.g. Hillsborough
• Fairness: players protected by legal contracts e.g. Bosman ruling, Stricter laws e.g. PEDs
• Equality: laws prevent discrimination on basis of gender & race e.g. Eva Caneiro & Chelsea FC
• Violence: on field dealt with by legal proceedings, assault e.g. Duncan Ferguson, laws limiting spectator violence/hooliganism e.g. removing passports
• > court of arbitration for sport: 1981 to deal with disputes in sports law

Question 29

What are the positive effects of media coverage?

Answer 29

increases commercialism
Increases participation
sport is now globalised
professionals able to earn higher salaries

Question 30

What are negative affects of media coverage?

Answer 30

demands control of sports/ sports performers
high stakes causes deviant behaviour
Biased towards male/able bodied/ popular sports
Negative role modelling - young athletes copy deviant behaviour