Sport & Society P3 Flashcards
Pre-industrial Britain
before 1850's precursor for modern sporting identity rural Sports like Mob football for Lower class - e.g. pigs liver ball, no written rules, big boundaries, masculine -> Ashbourne Derbyshire, Holy days Cotswold olimpics Smock racing Brutal Race walking - pedestrianism
Pre-industrial sport for upper class
give a pedestrian a reward for winning -
Real tennis
Shooting
Cricket
what did Barclay allardice do?
he walked a thousand miles in one thousand hours
Upper class in pre industrial britain
those who inherited land/ were aristocracy
Sociocultural factors
social class time participation Gender Transport Law & Order Money Education/ literacy
How does social class present itself in pre industrial britain
- Agrarian society
- 2 class systems
- Opposite experiences
How does gender present itself in pre-industrial britain?
- sports were masculine e.g. Mob football
- Women did Smock racing, more feminine & less dangerous
Was there much transport in pre-industrial britain?
no
Horse and cart for upper class
Walk for Lower class
very local - bad roads
Was there much law & order in pre 1850s britain?
no police
some sports were banned
sports/activities were under local control
How did money effect the sports played in pre-industrial Britain?
sports were cheap and resourceful e.g. Mob football use a pigs bladder for upper class they could afford equipment & facilities for real tennis, cricket
How did time/work affect sports participation?
the lower class only partake on holy days and festivals e.g. St Georges day. -> followed an agricultural calendar upper class could partake more due to more leisure time
How did education effect pre industrial Britain?
LC -illiterate, no skill of reading or writing, rules passed on
UC - literate, skill of reading and writing, wealthy boys went to Eton, Harrow, Rugby,
Sports were simple for LC
Upper class -pre 1850s
Aristocracy or gentry who were hereditary land owners
Lower class - pre 1850s
peasants who worked manually, on land
Upper class activites (pre1850s)
Pedestrianism - 19th century race walking -> UC give elevated platform to LC & pay for wins
Cricket - both classes, UC = batsmen/bowlers, LC = fielders -> Hambledon cricket club @ Bat and Ball Inn, Hampshire
Post 1850 Britain
industrial revolution massively impacted all levels of society
Growth of middle class -> 3 class society
child employment was popular
Increase in wealth for those MC and UC
Urbanisation
Agricultural Economy moved to an industrial economy
Urbanisation - post 1850s
the movement of people from a dominantly agricultural rural landscape to urban city landscapes
How had social class changed in post 1850s britain?
growth of middle class meant more education for young boys, amateur/professionalism split - Rugby split Introduction of exclusion clause - athletics, rules against those working with hands -> lower class, cost, acess -> real tennis
How had gender changed in the post 1850s
- Victorian ethics, ‘‘lady’’ -> dainty, pretty, feminine
- Decrease opportunities for women as unfeminine to play sport
- Real Tennis was acceptable for women -> Lottie dodd, a role model for women in sport
How has education changed in the post 1850s?
growth in public schools more middle class boys attend
How had Law & Order developed in post 1850s
-a police force
illegalisation of blood sports, mob football
banning
‘‘Civilising process’’ -
Civilising process in law and order of post 1850s sport
the loss of rights for the working class to participate in activities like mob football
How had transport developed in the post 1850s?
growth of railways and stations -> play fixtures regularly -> develop football leagues -> FA cup 1863
growth of cricket -> Ashes
Describe in two ways in which levels of education & literacy affected ppt in pre-industrial Britain?
- Unwritten rules for sports like mob football due to illiteracy
- Simple rules for lower classes/peasants
- More sophisticated and written rules for upper class
Why was cycling a socially acceptable pastime for women in post 1850s?
- Could cycle in modest dress
- An uncompetitive sport - competitive = unfeminine
- Moderate, not too dangerous
- Cycling was considered ‘ladylike’ and can be done in a feminine way
Explain how the formation of NGBs linked to the social and cultural developments in post 1850.
Law & order was more civilised, rules were required
- Transport, people can travel to play so important to have common rules
- Social class, MC sought to improve health & well being of WC through organised sport e.g. Royal arsenal & Saturday & weds half days
- improve education -> written rules were appropriate & accesible
- Better working conditions & shorter hours -> more organised sport
identify two qualities which develop from school boys playing team games
Teamwork
Leadership
Courage
Respect
describe how law & order has shaped the charachteristics of 21st C sport
- Safety: officials & coaches have duty of care to keep players safe on pitch, organisers DOC for spectators to prevent negligence e.g. Hillsborough
- Fairness: players protected by legal contracts e.g. Bosman ruling, Stricter laws e.g. PEDs
- Equality: laws prevent discrimination on basis of gender & race e.g. Eva Caneiro & Chelsea FC
- Violence: on field dealt with by legal proceedings, assault e.g. Duncan Ferguson, laws limiting spectator violence/hooliganism e.g. removing passports
- > court of arbitration for sport: 1981 to deal with disputes in sports law
What are the positive effects of media coverage?
increases commercialism
Increases participation
sport is now globalised
professionals able to earn higher salaries
What are negative affects of media coverage?
demands control of sports/ sports performers
high stakes causes deviant behaviour
Biased towards male/able bodied/ popular sports
Negative role modelling - young athletes copy deviant behaviour
