contemporary issues in sport p3 Flashcards
what do all technological advancements aim to do?
improve the performance of athletes
make the viewer feel part of the action
help make the correct decisions
If we can make sport exciting to watch what will be the effect?
attract new viewers
commercial interest
How has modern technology increase general participation included increased/improved?
- better facilities
- equipment
- access to buildings e.g. ramps, better connections with local communities
- monitoring of exercise
- safety
What is a hypoxic chamber and what does it do?
a sealed room
stimulates high altitude
What is precision hydration?
the monitoring of sodium loss during sweating leading to more effective replacement in the body of essential salts
Give an example of making facilities better for able-bodied and disabled athletes?
2009 Bisham Abbey National Sports Centre completed £2 million of elite training and rehabilitation for athletes to prepare for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics
-use of hoists, ramps and lifts allow disabled athletes to access facilities
How has technology led to improvements in physiological testing?
more effective use to identify strength's and weaknesses monitor progress ex. cyclist measured on a static bike can test VO2 max
How has modern technology increased elite participation including increased/improved?
assessing an athlete’s suitability for sport
assess health (health screening devices)
access for disabled athletes with aid of prosthetic limbs - lightweight and bespoke to athlete
participation of disabled athletes
better training facilities (EIS)
equipment to aid recovery from injury - oxygen tents
What is a prosthetic?
an artificial device that substitutes or supplements a defective part of the body
Give an example of a prosthetic suitable for marathon runners?
Springlite
for athletes who have lost a lower limb
acts like a springboard & provides shock-absorbing properties
How have wheelchairs been adapted for tennis players?
sharp slanted back wheel
ensures player can move quickly
How has technology advancements effected past world records and present records?
added significantly to athletic performance
should present-day achievements be viewed with the same regards as past records - when athletes where competing w/o the benefit of high performance graphite tennis rackets or ultra-light running shoes.
How was the development of technology affected physiological testing of athletes?
Lab tests are used to identify the the performers strengths & weaknesses
- helps monitor progress
- can test VO2 MAX & lactate threshold
How has development of technology affected accessibility and experience?
- improved performance & accessibility
- floodlights: enable sport to be played at night/ in darkness, ^ participation in winter
- synthetic surface: enable play all year round depending on weather conditions -> ^ quality of play -> may incentivise ppl to play
How has the shoe changed to accommodate for demands of sports?
Lighter soles
better support in ankles
More durable
give examples of improved equipment due to development of tech?
running shoes
compression clothing
tennis rackets
golf clubs
how was development in tech changed the public use of fitness tests/measures?
Advancements in watch capabilities & heart rate monitors -> increased interest in fitness & activity levels
What type of safety equipment was developed?
Skiing & Cricket helmets
goal keep ice hockey kits
-mouthguards
What are the two drawbacks of technology?
cost
range of alternatives to sport
Explain the cost drawback of tech further:
the latest equipment is expensive
highlights the inequality of access for both athletes & recreational performer
-in developing countries there can be a lack of basic equipment as a result they produce less athletes in those sports
-those elite athletes who have limited resources are disadvantaged
-developing countries also lack equipment like crutches, wheelchairs.
-at recreational level, expensive equipment & tech is not imperative
explain the range of alternatives to sport drawback of tech:
^ in participation due to tech allowing ppl with disabilities to safely participate in sports
-but is a negative as advancements have encouraged people to be more sedentary & less likely to participate in sport e.g. mobile phones, T.V. & computer consoles.
how was modern tech allowed for fairer outcomes?
- games & competitions have been fairer and resulted in correct decisions & outcomes
- eliminated some controversy from the sport
- e.g. better timing devices, video replays & referrals to improved detection of foul play, improved communication between match officials, hawk eye / goal line technology and improved doping detection.
What could possible disadvantages of modern tech advancements be?
officials feel increasing pressure to use the tech more often than trust own judgement
the media appear to highlight all match officials mistakes -> anxiety
officials can use tech but still be wrong
tech can’t be used for everything
officials are an integral part of sporting contest
lose respect of officials decisions being final
-Access, highlights that not everyone has same exposure to tech e.g. lower football leagues can’t afford goal line tech
-links to drug cheats, can’t keep up with drug developments -> athletes are undetected
how does modern technology effect entertainment?
- can enhance enjoyment or hinder
- replays & slow motion video allow audiences to relive the moment or catch something they may have missed -> due to multiple camera angles and rewinding of live TV
- enhanced through greater understanding of game, rules & application -> sky sports game analysis
- sports punditry is hugely detailed & use the tech to illustrate points made
what could the disadvantages of tech & entertainment be?
- changes the nature of sport, from flowing game -> stopping frequently
- sport loses revenue from spectators as opt out to watch on the TV or listen on radio rather than live
- breaks in play can be disruptive for spectators due to video replays and punditry.
when answering questions about elite or general participation cover what?
Access Outcomes Safety Monitoring equipment facilities Monitoring exercise
explain why opinions on new technology in sport?
+can improve sports performance, makes sport safer for performers or spectators, can help fairer decisions, can make more accessible
- gives those w money an advantage, increase chance of injury, take away element of chance in sport, less of a spectacle - less entertaining due to ruined flow of games
what are reasons for against goal line technology?
takes ‘chance’ element away
enjoyment is decreased because of the lack of dispute
too much time taken up, ruins flow of game
changes the nature of the sports
increases pressure on ref to use
what are the reasons for goal line tech in sport?
it is fairer, based on facts rather than perception
excitement of waiting for technological judgement
takes pressure of referees
what is meant by ethics?
rules that dictate an individual’s conduct
- form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on
- e.g. athlete showing sportsmanship by sticking to the rules
what is meant by deviance?
word describing unacceptable behaviour within a culture
-any behaviour which differs from the perceived social or legal norm -> deviant
what is blood doping?
illegal method of increasing red blood cell count
-> higher volumes of hb present in blood allow for more oxygen to be transported to working muscles -> high level of performance w/o use of anaerobic energy systems
what is the method of blood doping?
two pints of blood is removed several weeks prior to competition, -> blood is frozen until 1-2 days before the competition -> thawed and injected back into athlete
what athletes commonly use blood doping?
endurance athletes
distance runners
cyclists
what are possible side effects of blood doping?
inc blood viscosity, risk of heart attack
pulmonary embolism - blockage in pulmonary artery
increased risk of infections & blood-borne diseases
allergic reaction
what are some examples of performance enhancing drugs?
- used to enhance performance illegal in sport
1. Anabolic steroids - train harder and longer, leads to increasing strength and aggression
2. beta blockers - control heart rate & keep athlete calm
3. stimulants - increase alertness for sports people e.g. amphetamines
what are some other classes of illegal peds?
narcotic analgesics
anabolic agents
peptide hormones
