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P.E > Sport & Society > Flashcards

Sport & Society Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Wenlock olympian games founded?

A

1850

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2
Q

Who founded the Wenlock olympian games?

A

William Penny Brookes

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3
Q

What was the date of the first Wenlock olympian games?

A

October 1850

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4
Q

Give three example of events included in the Wenlock olympian games

A

Football
Cricket
Quoits

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5
Q

What events made up the pentathlon in 1868?

A 
Hurdles 
Rope climb 
Putting the stone
Running long jump 
Running high jump
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6
Q

What did William Penny Brookes suggest to the Government Education Department?

A

Introducing PE

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7
Q

Who visited the Wenlock games in 1890?

A

Baron Pierre De Coubertin

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8
Q

What did the Wedlock games inspire?

A

The modern olympics

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9
Q

Which performer has won medals at the Wedlock Games and the Olympic games?

A

Alison Williams

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10
Q

What was created as a result of the industrial revolution?

A

The middle class

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11
Q

What are the middle class?

A

People who had earned their money rather than inherited it.

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12
Q

What jobs did the middle class have?

A

Factory owners
Bank managers
Doctors
“professionals’

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13
Q

What role did the middle class play is society?

A

They gave hope to the working class.
They were money orientated.
Showing off money.

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14
Q

How did the middle class rationalise recreation and sport?

A

They controlled the masses who were working for them.
They adopted lawn tennis as their own.
Started scouts, boys brigade and YMCA to help control boys and young men.

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15
Q

What did the middle class copy from the upper class?

A

Sending their kids to public schools.

Their passion for sport by becoming administrators in the newly formed NGB’s.

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16
Q

What was the impact of trains on sport?

A

Teams and spectators could travel to matches.

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17
Q

What was the impact of steam ships on sport?

A

International travel at regulated time.

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18
Q

Give an example of a church team

A

St Marks FC (Manchester City) Iheanacho for life

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19
Q

Where were the clergymen educated?

A

Public schools

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20
Q

What was the clergymens concept of sport?

A 
Muscular christianity.
Athleticism.
'Manliness'.
Disciplin.
Leadership.
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21
Q

What class were the clergymen?

A

Middle class

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22
Q

What were the concerns of the middle classes regarding the working classes?

A

Violence.
Controlling.
Morals.
Betting.

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23
Q

What did the church have which was limited in the inner city?

A

Space and land.

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24
Q

Where were the council officers of the local authorities educated?

A

Public schools.

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25
Q

What was the council officers concept of sport?

A

Leadership

Team building

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26
Q

What class were the council officers?

A

Middle class

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27
Q

What provision did the local authorities provide?

A

Recreation grounds

Public parks

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28
Q

What id the definition of rationalised recreation?

A

Sport is an institutionalised, competitive activity that involves vigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by individuals whose participation is motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors

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29
Q

Give six characteristics of sport

A 
Highly structured.
Highly organised.
Has officials.
Competitive.
High level of skill.
Extrinsic rewards.
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30
Q

What were the two classes of pre-industrial society?

A

Aristocracy - land owners

Peasants - Working on the land

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31
Q

Give six characteristics of Pre industrial society

A 
Two class society.
High illiteracy rate.
Harsh/violent lifestyle.
Long working hours.
Uncivilised - no police.
Agricultural.
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32
Q

What were the characteristics of popular recreation?(mob football)

A 
Simple.
Occasional.
Male only.
Violent.
Local.
Physical force, no skill.
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33
Q

Give four examples of upper class sports.

A

Hunting.
Shooting.
Fishing.
Real tennis.

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34
Q

Give an example of lower class ‘popular recreation’

A

Mob football.

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35
Q

What were the characteristics of upper class sport?(real tennis)

A 
Gambling.
Complex rules.
No violence.
Skilful.
Played on a regular basis.
For entertainment.
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36
Q

An example of a public school in 19th century Britain

A

Winchester collage.

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37
Q

Who went to public schools?

A

Upper class and middle class boys.
Sons of the aristocracy.
Age 13-18.

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38
Q

What did boys that went to public schools go on to do?

A

University.
Further leaders of society.
Men with influence.

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39
Q

What did public schools adopt the idea of sport to be?

A 
Muscular christianity.
Athleticism.
'Manliness'.
Disciplin.
Leadership.
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40
Q

What problem was found at universities and public schools with sport?

A

Needed one set of rules

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41
Q

Why were national governing bodies formed?

A

More clubs being formed.
More leagues needed.
Rules and codification needed.
Keep control by the upper and middle class.

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42
Q

What type of background were the men from which created the FA?

A

Ebenezer Morley was the only one not from a public school.

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43
Q

What rules were adapted to create the original football rules?

A

Cambridge undergraduates.

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44
Q

What was a big problem with the codification of the football rules?

A

Disagreement on rules.

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45
Q

How many clubs were in the original FA?

A

11 or 12

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46
Q

When was the first football match played governed by FA rules?

A

1863 - Richmond vs Barnes

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47
Q

What was a rule that was introduced in the first years of codification?

A

Hacking was banned.

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48
Q

Why did very long days have a negative impact on sport?

A

Not enough energy or time to play sport.

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49
Q

Why did Less “holidays” have a negative impact on sport?

A

People didn’t have time off at the same time.

50
Q

Why did back to back houses have a negative impact on sport?

A

Not enough space to play in a town environment.

51
Q

Why did the “Enclosures act” have a negative impact on sport?

A

Fields and open spaces were taken so there was no room to play.

52
Q

Why did the police force forming have a negative impact on sport?

A

Bare knuckle boxing was banned.

53
Q

Why did the RSPCA forming have a negative impact on sport?

A

Animal cruelty act was brought in so animal based sports were banned.

54
Q

Why did poor health and living conditions have a negative impact on sport?

A

People were too ill to play sport.

55
Q

Why did mass manufacturing have a positive impact on sport?

A

Lawn tennis - created the lawn mower

Rubber - to make the balls

56
Q

Why did improved transport have a positive impact on sport?

A

Bicycle was invented - creation of new sport.

Getting to games.

57
Q

Why did increased literacy have a positive impact on sport?

A

Written rules - keep scores - publicity on poster or in papers.

58
Q

Why did riverside locations of towns have a positive impact on sport?

A

Rowing was invented.

59
Q

Why did mass and cheap printing have a positive impact on sport?

A

Scores could be printed and sport was advertised.

60
Q

Name two positive effects of industrialisation and urbanisation.

A

Increased level of literacy due to reading in factories.

Cheap printing lead to rules being printed and match reports being done.

61
Q

When was lawn tennis commercially patented?

A

1874

62
Q

Who was lawn tennis for?

A

Middle class, both sex’s

63
Q

When was lawn tennis played?

A

Social occasions

64
Q

How did people know the rules of lawn tennis?

A

They came in the kit along with the equipment.

65
Q

Why were women allowed to play lawn tennis?

A

Not too vigorous.
Could play in a dress.
Hidden from view.
Seen as a pass time.

66
Q

What was the first lawn tennis club?

A

Leamington Spa.

67
Q

When was the first lawn tennis club made?

A

1872

68
Q

What lawns were converted to tennis courts?

A

Croquet lawns

69
Q

When was the first all England gentleman’s Singles championship held?

A

1877

70
Q

When was the first Womens championship held?

A

1884

71
Q

When was the first international lawn tennis cup held? (Davis Cup)

A

1900

72
Q

Where was the first tennis championship held?

A

Worple road, Wimbledon

73
Q

What class of people played competitive tennis?

A

Middle class

74
Q

Why was there a major boost in popularity in tennis?

A

Women could play competitively.

75
Q

Which club controlled tennis?

A

All English croquet and tennis club

76
Q

When did modern athletics start in Britain?

A

1860

77
Q

What was the first athletics club?

A

Mincing lane athletics club

78
Q

What class were the people who set up the original athletics associations?

A

Middle class

79
Q

Why did the original athletics associations not compete to earn money?

A

They were already wealthy.

80
Q

What were the concerns of the athletics associations with regard to professionalism?

A

Afraid cheating could come in.

Gambling on the outcome.

81
Q

How did officers in the army spread sport in the British Empire.

A

They encouraged their soldiers to play sport - good for moral and discipline.

82
Q

How did the clergy spread sport in the British Empire.

A

Set up teams

83
Q

How did diplomats spread sport in the British Empire.

A

Too sport to the countries where they were stationed.

84
Q

How did teachers spread sport in the British Empire.

A

taught sporting values and set up teams in school.

85
Q

What was the original definition of amateurism ?

A

Gentlemen of the middle class and upperclass who played sport in the spirit of fair competition.

86
Q

What was the final definition of amateurism?

A

Amateur received no payment for performing, played for the love of sport.

87
Q

What were the characteristics of a gentleman amateur?

A

Upper and middle class.
Played by codes of fair play.
Gracious in defeat.
Played for pleasure not payment.

88
Q

What were the characteristics of a professional?

A

Broken time payment.
Paid to provide entertainment.
Working class.
Treated as expendable and were looked down upon.

89
Q

What is the definition of a shamateur?

A

An amateur receiving financial payments for competing (under table payments)

90
Q

What problems were there with shamateurism?

A

If discovered they could be banned from competitions.

Conflict between other performers not receiving rewards.

91
Q

What were the positive effects of professionalism on sport?

A

Performance will rise due to needing to win.
Better to watch.
Positive role models are created.

92
Q

What were the positive effects of amateurism on sport?

A

Ethics still seen in sport eg. Sportsmanship, FairPlay.

Code viewed positively and promoted e.g.. FairPlay award.

93
Q

When was professional football legalised?

A

1895

94
Q

When was the maximum wage limit lifted?

A

1961

95
Q

When was the Bosman ruling brought in?

A

1995

96
Q

What is the Bosman ruling?

A

Players could move to other clubs at the ned of their contract without a transfer fee.

97
Q

In 1901 what was the maximum a football player could earn?

A

£4 a week

98
Q

What year did the professional tennis circuit start?

A

1920

99
Q

What were the four opens in the first professional tennis open?

A

Australian, French, USA, Wimbledon

100
Q

What was big about prize money in tennis in 2007?

A

Equality of prize money for men and women.

101
Q

Give some advantages of the effects of commercialisation on sport

A 
More money from TV rights.
Better equipment.
Better facilities.
Better management.
The athlete can train for longer.
102
Q

Give some disadvantages of the effects of commercialisation on sport

A

Increased pressure on performers to win.
Less coverage of woman sport.
The sponsor could pull out.

103
Q

What is the definition of commercialisation?

A

The treating of sport as a commodity, involving the buying and selling of assets. With he market as the driving force behind sport.

104
Q

What are the three parts of the golden triangle?

A

Sport, Media and business

105
Q

What does Media use sport for?

A

To gain more viewers/readers

106
Q

What does business use media for?

A

Advertising

107
Q

What does media use business for?

A

Money. They have to pay for advertising space/time

108
Q

What does business use sport for?

A

Advertising and franchising to sell more goods.

109
Q

What does sport use media for?

A

Sport needs to appear in the media to get sponsorship from businesses

110
Q

What does sport use business for?

A

Money to fuel the sporting industry

111
Q

Name a commercialised sport

A

Football

112
Q

Name a non-commercialised sport

A

Hockey

113
Q

Give some characteristics of commercial sport

A

Visually appealing.
High level of skill.
Simple rules.

114
Q

Give the four ways in which sport can get money.

A

Advertising.
Merchandising.
Sponsorship.
Media contracts.

115
Q

Define society

A

An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.

116
Q

Define socialisation

A

A life long process in which members of society learns its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society.

117
Q

Define primary socialisation

A

Socialisation during early years of childhood. This takes place mainly within the family.

118
Q

Define secondary socialisation

A

Socialisation of teenagers and adults. The family becomes less involved as the process continues through schools, peer groups, media…

119
Q

Define social processes

A

The way in which individuals and groups interact, adjust and readjust and establish relationships and patterns and patterns of behaviour which are modified through social interactions.

120
Q

Define social control

A

A concept that refers to the ways in which peoples thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems.

121
Q

Define social change

A

An alteration in the social order of society.

P.E (6 decks)

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