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Revision A level/ Btec > Sport revision > Flashcards

Sport revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A

Flat bone, short bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone and long bone.

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of flat bone?

A

Pelvis, Sternum, cranium and scapula and ribs

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3
Q

what is the only type of sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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4
Q

what is the only type of irregular bone?

A

Veterbral column

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5
Q

What are the three classifications of joints?

A

Synovial joints, slightly movable joints and fixed joints

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6
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

Ball and socket, saddle, gliding, pivot, hinge and condyloid

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7
Q

what is an axial skeleton?

A

This protects the major organs of the body like the cranium and the sternum, it’s the center of the body

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8
Q

What is the equation to calculate minute ventilation?

A

Tidal volume times frequency

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8
Q

what is an appendicular skeleton?

A

This skeleton provides movement for the body

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9
Q

What is the equation to calculate cardiac output?

A

Heart rate times stroke volume

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10
Q

What are the structures of a synovial joint?

A

Ligament, joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovial membrane and the synovial fiuid.

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11
Q

What are the different structures of the respiratory system and what is the directional flow of air?

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

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12
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise?

A

Increase in blood pressure
increase in cardiac output
increase in stroke volume

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13
Q

Describe expiration at rest?

A

The intercostal muscles contract move the rib cage up and out , the diaphragm relaxes to return to it’s resting position, as a result of this there is a decrease in volume and an increase in pressure

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14
Q

What term describes the combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

A

Circumduction

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15
Q

What term refers specifically to the radioulnar joint turning the palm upwards?

A

Pronation and supination

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16
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Trisphosphate

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17
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine Di-phosphate

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18
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Any reaction that produces energy

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19
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that needs energy to happen

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20
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

Protection
shape
movement
mineral storage
blood production
support

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21
Q

What is the function of the tricuspid valve

A

Separates the right atrium and the right ventricle and it also prevents the backflow of blood

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22
Q

What is the function of the mitral valve?

A

Separates the left atrium and left ventricle and it prevents the backflow of blood

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23
Q

What are the four valves in the directional flow of blood?

A

Mitral valve
tricuspid valve
aortic valve
pulmonary valve

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24
What is vascular shunt ?
the redistribution of blood around the body
25
What is venous return?
the return of blood back to the heart
26
What are the five blood vessels?
Arterioles capillaries veins venules arteries
27
What is the function of the venules?
connects capillaries to the veins
28
What is the function of the arterioles?
connects arteries to the capillaries
29
what happens to increase blood flow?
increases the smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles which relaxes and causes vasodilation
30
what happens to constrict blood flow?
the smooth muscle in the tunica media in the arterioles contracts and causes vasoconstriction, the pre capillaries sphincters then close
31
What are the four components of blood?
Plasma white blood cells red blood cells platelets
32
describe inhalation at rest
the intercostal muscle contract which forces the rib cage to move up and out, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, the muscles like the pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid ad scalane are a major assist to the volume of the thoracic cavity and to decrease the pressure
33
What is the equation for an exothermic reaction
ATP=ADP + P + energy
34
What is an equation for an endothermic reaction
ADP + P + energy= ATP
35
What is the agonist muscle
the muscle that contracts and shortens to make movement occur
36
What is the antagonist muscle
the muscle that lengthens and relaxes to allow movement occur
37
What is the fixator
a muscle that stabilises the joint during the movement
38
What is the muscle pair to the bicep brachii
Tricep brachii
39
What is the muscle pair to the bicep femoris
Rectus femoris
40
What is the muscle to the wrist extensor
Wrist flexor
41
What is the muscle pair to the gastrocnemius
Soleus
42
What is the muscle pair to the pronator teres
Supinator muscle
43
What are the muscles in the hamstring
semintendinosus, bicep femoris, and the semimbranosus
44
What are all the muscles in the quadricep
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis
45
What are the muscles in the lower leg
Soleus, and the gastrocnemius
46
What is the largest muscle in the body
gluteus maximus
47
what are the all the abdominal muscles
internal and external obliques
48
What are concentric muscles
muscles which shorten as they contract
49
what are eccentric muscles
muscles which lengthen as they contract
50
what are isometric muscles
muscles which stay the same and they do not contract or lengthen
51
What is glycolisis
the breaking down of glucose
52
what are the three types of muscle fibres
slow twitch, fast twitch 2b, and fast twitch 2a
53
which muscle fibre uses aerobic respiration
slow twitch fibres
54
which muscle fibre uses anerobic respiration
fast twitch fibres
55
what is vasoconstriction
the smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles contracts and causes vasoconstriction
56
what is vasodilation
the smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles relaxes and causes vasodiation
57
what is a sporting example of using fast glycolitic fibres
100m sprint
58
what is a sporting example of using slow twitch fibres
long distance marathon
59
What is the aerobic energy system
The aerobic energy system mainly uses aerobic respiration and this is used for low intensity activities such as a marathon or a long distance run
60
What is the aerobic energy system
The aerobic energy system uses aerobic respiration and this is used in low intensity activities like a marathon or a run
61
What is the lactic acid system
The lactic acid system uses anearobic respiration and this is uses high intensity activities like a 100m sprint or a a fast sprint
62
out of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which one comes in?
Carbon dioxide comes in
63
is there a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveoli than in the blood?
Yes
64
True or false, there is a low concentration of oxygen in the alveoli than in the blood
True
65
what process do both oxygen and carbon dioxide do in the alveoli
Diffusion
66
how does the aerobic energy system work?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid by the process of glycolisis. This is then converted to acetyl coenzyme which combines to NADH and this happens in the kreb cycle. In the kreb cycle, carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced. Not only that, ATP is produced and mitochondria also happens here to which is the site of respiration.
67
How does the lactic acid system work?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid by the process of glycolisis. Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid.
68
What are the advantages of the aerobic respiration system?
Limitless energy production It can make 138 ATP from fat molecules
69
What are the disadvantages of the aerobic respiration system?
Takes time to transition into the system Only suited for moderate activity
70
What are the advantages of the lactic acid system?
few chemical reactions no oxygen used fast speed of reaction
71
What are the disadvantages of the lactic acid system?
Fatigues the muscles only lasts between 2 minutes and 10 seconds
72
What is adduction?
moving the limb toward the midline of the body
73
What is abduction?
movement of the limb away from the midline of the body
74
what is plantarflexion?
pointing the toes downward
75
what is dorsiflexion?
bending of the foot towards the shin and upwards
76
what is pronation?
rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downwards
77
what is supination?
rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upwards
78
What is the antagonist muscle pair of the gastrocnemius?
Tibilias anterior
79
What is the antagonist muscle pair of the errector spinae?
rectus abdominus
80
What is the antagonist muscle pair of the pectoralis major?
latisimus dorsi

Revision A level/ Btec (10 decks)

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